Category Archives: Alcohol recovery

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Frustrating nicotine addiction for productivity

January 13, 2017
Frustrating nicotine addiction

Frustrating nicotine addiction for productivity is a perfect way of eliminating all the poisonous effects attached

Frustrating nicotine addiction for productivity: Smokeless tobacco

The wise said “where there is smoke there is fire” this is a common phrase in our society today and will remain so in the decades to come. For sure even when you take the face meaning of the phrase it is true that we may not see smoke in the absent of fire. For the purpose of this article, we are going to focus on frustrating nicotine addiction and for that reason, we’ll take smoke to mean the drugs and fire to be the nicotine. And speaking to the experts at the AWAREmed health and wellness resource center lead by doctor Dalal Akoury MD, it is regrettable that people who smoke do so for their own convenience despite knowledge of the negative effects associated with smoking. Because of consistent use of drugs even with the knowledge of dangers associated, drug addiction is also known as drug dependency and from this, it graduates to tolerance where the victims use more of the drug to experience the same effect says doctor Akoury. Now the next point would be responding to the question ‘what is the cause of addiction?”

Frustrating nicotine addiction for productivity: What causes nicotine addiction?

Nicotine is an addictive drug meaning that it causes changes in the brain prompting users to seek for more and more of the drug and this will eventually come with some unpleasant withdrawal symptoms. The combination of good feelings caused by the presence of an addictive drug and the bad feelings when the drug is not present make breaking any addiction very difficult. The addiction to nicotine has historically been one of the most difficult to break. The 1988 Surgeon general’s report, “Nicotine Addiction,” concluded that:

  • Cigarettes and other forms of tobacco are addicting.
  • Nicotine is the drug that causes addiction.
  • Pharmacological and behavioral characteristics that determine tobacco addiction are similar to those that determine addiction to drugs such as heroin and cocaine.

Therefore, when a person smokes a cigarette, the body responds immediately to the chemical nicotine in the smoke thereby causing a short-term increase in blood pressure, heart rate, and the flow of blood from the heart. It also causes the arteries to narrow. Carbon monoxide reduces the amount of oxygen the blood can carry. This, combined with the effects produced by nicotine, creates an imbalance in the demand for oxygen by the cells and the amount of oxygen the blood is able to supply. Smoking further increases the amount of fatty acids, glucose, and various hormones in the blood.

Nicotine in cigarettes increase the risk of heart attack

There are several ways that cigarette smoking may increase the risk of developing hardening of the arteries and heart attacks. First, carbon monoxide may damage the inner walls of the arteries that encourage the buildup of fat on these walls. Over time, this causes the vessels to narrow and harden. Nicotine may also contribute to this process. Smoking also causes several changes in the blood which include:

  • Increased adhesiveness and clustering of platelets in the blood
  • Shortened platelet survival
  • Faster clotting time
  • Increased thickness of the blood

All these effects can lead to a heart attack to anyone using such drugs which are why frustrating nicotine addiction becomes very essential. Therefore if you want to have a healthy life away from nicotine, schedule an appointment with doctor Akoury today for the commencement of your recovery process.

Frustrating nicotine addiction for productivity: Smokeless tobacco

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Drunk young man resting head on bar counter

Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD)

January 13, 2017
Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide

Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD) and did you know that for every beverage alcohol you take about 2 to 8 percent is lost through urine, sweat, or the breath?

Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD): Acetaldehyde and Alcoholism

Did you know that for every beverage alcohol you take about 2 to 8 percent is lost through urine, sweat, or the breath? This means that the other 92 to 98 percent is metabolized by your body. All ethyl alcohol which is broken down in the human body is first converted to acetaldehyde, and then this acetaldehyde is converted into acetic acid radicals also known as acetyl radicals. Acetaldehyde is a poison which is a close relative of formaldehyde. Acetic acid is the essential component of vinegar. The acetic acid radical is the combining form of acetic acid. This acetic acid radical combines with Coenzyme A to form acetyl-CoA. The acetyl-CoA then enters the Krebs cycle, which is the basic powerhouse of the human body. Inside the Krebs cycle, this acetyl radical is eventually broken down into carbon dioxide and water.

According to the experts from the AWAREmed health and wellness resource center under the leadership of doctor Dalal Akoury MD, there are three different enzymes the body uses to convert alcohol to acetaldehyde. The three enzymes work by stripping two hydrogen atoms off from the alcohol molecule thereby converting the alcohol molecule into a molecule of acetaldehyde says doctor Akoury. We are going to consider the three enzymes progressively in this article.

Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD): The Three Alcohol Enzymes

The three enzymes which can convert alcohol to acetaldehyde are:

  • Alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) ·
  • Cytochrome P450 (CYP2E1) ·
  • Catalase

Each of these enzymes is found in different parts of the body and each of them handles the hydrogen atoms which are stripped off from the alcohol molecule in a different way. For the purpose of this article, we are going to discuss the first one and proceed with the rest of the subsequent postings.

Alcohol dehydrogenase

The name “alcohol dehydrogenase” sounds quite a mouthful, but it is self-explanatory if we break it down into its component parts. “de-” is a prefix which means “to remove”. We find it in such words as “dethrone” which means “to remove from the throne”. “-use” is a suffix which means “enzyme”. Any time you see a chemical term which ends in the suffix “-as” you know that you are dealing with an enzyme. “hydrogen” means “hydrogen” of course. So “de-hydrogen-ase” means “an enzyme which removes hydrogen atoms”, and “alcohol dehydrogenase” means “an enzyme which removes hydrogen atoms from the alcohol molecule”. The name alcohol dehydrogenase is sometimes abbreviated to ADH.

ADH is the workhorse of the alcohol enzymes–it breaks down the majority of the alcohol that enters the human body. Alcohol dehydrogenase is actually the name for a family of enzymes which break down alcohol–each of which has a slightly different molecular structure. Researchers have identified as many as 10 varieties of the alcohol dehydrogenase molecule. All of them bring about the same chemical reaction–the difference is that some varieties of alcohol dehydrogenase work more efficiently than others. As we shall be seeing later, these variations in the alcohol dehydrogenase molecule can explain why some individuals react differently to alcohol than others.

The alcohol dehydrogenase molecules do their work primarily in the stomach and the liver, although traces of them are found in other tissues as well. The hydrogen which is released when alcohol dehydrogenase turns alcohol into acetaldehyde is bound to a compound called NAD+ (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide) to form NADH (this is short for Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide plus Hydrogen). Alcohol dehydrogenase does its work in the cellular fluid (cytosol) of the cell. The wordings in this article may be technical but necessary in understanding the dangers of substance abuse. You may want to seek for more clarity from the experts at AWAREmed today.

Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD): Acetaldehyde and Alcoholism

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alcoholism

Understanding NAD (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide) role

January 12, 2017
Understanding NAD

Understanding NAD (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide) roles requires greater degree of professionalism

Understanding NAD (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide) roles: Cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1)

In light social drinkers nearly all the alcohol consumed is taken care of by alcohol dehydrogenase. However, the enzyme Cytochrome P450 2E1 (abbreviated CYP2E1) becomes quite active in metabolizing alcohol in chronic heavy drinkers. CYP2E1 does its work in the liver. The hydrogen released by this reaction is bound to oxygen and to NADPH to form water and NADP+. This reaction takes energy rather than producing it. CYP2E1 does its work in the microsomes of the cell. This is sometimes referred to as MEOS (Microsomal Ethanol Oxidizing System). CYP2E1 is a member of the Cytochrome P450 enzyme family as a better way of understanding NAD says doctor Dalal Akoury MD, President, and founder of AWAREmed health and wellness resource center. And now let’s turn to the last type of enzyme as stated previously.

Understanding NAD (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide) roles: Catalase

Catalase is found in tiny organs inside of cells called peroxisomes. Catalase is found all over the human body. When catalase turns alcohol into acetaldehyde the hydrogen which is released is bound to hydrogen peroxide molecules which then become water. Although catalase is active everywhere in the body, catalase is of particular interest to researchers because it metabolizes alcohol in the brain. The acetaldehyde released into the brain by the metabolism of alcohol by catalase has the potential to combine with neurotransmitters to form new compounds known as THIQs (tetrahydroisoquinolines, also sometimes called TIQs). Some researchers believe that THIQs are the cause of alcohol addiction and that the presence of THIQs distinguishes addicted drinkers from social drinkers. Other researchers strongly dispute the validity of the THIQ hypothesis of alcohol addiction. The actual role of THIQs remains controversial and calls for further research.

How Acetaldehyde Dehydrogenase Works

Acetaldehyde dehydrogenase does its work in the mitochondria of cells and removes a hydrogen atom from acetaldehyde to produce an acetic acid radical. This hydrogen atom combines with NAD+ to form NADH. There are several varieties of aldehyde dehydrogenase found in the human body. The one which normally breaks down acetaldehyde is called ALDH2. There is another variety aldehyde dehydrogenase found in the human body which is called ALDH2*2. ALDH2*2 is only about 8% as efficient as ALDH2 in metabolizing acetaldehyde. Some East Asian people have ALDH2*2 instead of ALDH2 in their bodies. These individuals find the effect of alcohol to be very unpleasant and that is going to form part of our discussion in the next article which I am persuaded you don’t want to miss.

Finally, doctor Akoury reiterates that the aldehyde dehydrogenase enzymes are found in many tissues of the body, but are at the highest concentration in the liver further explaining why alcohol addiction can be very dangerous to your health. And having known that, it will interest you to note that, the formation of AWAREmed health center was not just for the purpose of creation awareness about the effects of substance abuse, but also for finding the ultimate solution. And that is why away from creating awareness, doctor Akoury’s practices also focuses on the personalized medicine through healthy lifestyle choices that deal with primary prevention and underlying causes instead of patching up symptoms making her your best choice.

Understanding NAD (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide) roles: Cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1)

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consequences of alcohol

Understanding alcohol metabolism products

January 12, 2017
Understanding alcohol metabolism

Understanding alcohol metabolism products so as to take timely remedial actions

Understanding alcohol metabolism products: The problem with too much NADH

Alcohol metabolism produces excess amounts of NADH (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide plus Hydrogen). This excess of NADH can lead to acidosis from lactic acid build-up and hypoglycemia from lack of glucose synthesis. It can also lead to weight gain, fatty liver, and heart attack. Realistically, these are not simple health conditions to be taken lightly. And because of that, besides understanding alcohol metabolism products, doctor Dalal Akoury made a decision of creating AWAREmed health and wellness resource center with the primary objective of transforming each individual’s life through increasing awareness about health and wellness and by empowering individuals to find their own inner healing power. It will further interest you to note that, doctor Akoury’s practice focuses on personalized medicine through healthy lifestyle choices that deal with primary prevention and underlying causes instead of patching up symptoms making her the best among the best for your treatment consideration. You may want to call her on telephone number 843 213 1480 to book an appointment at your convenience, in the meantime, let’s look at how alcohol is affecting people differently.

Understanding alcohol metabolism products: Alcohol affects some people differently from others

Women – If a woman and a man of the same weight drink the same amount of alcohol under the exact same circumstances, the woman will on the average have a much higher BAC (Blood Alcohol Content) than the man. This is because women have much less of the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase in their stomachs than men do. If the same man and woman are given an injection of alcohol instead of drinking it they will tend to have the same BAC. This is because when the alcohol is injected it bypasses the alcohol dehydrogenase in the stomach.

Older Males – As men age they tend to produce less alcohol dehydrogenase. Older men are likely to become more intoxicated on smaller amounts of alcohol than younger men. Alcohol dehydrogenase in women is apparently not affected by age.

Menopausal Women – Apparently hormone changes which occur at menopause can cause menopausal women to become more intoxicated on smaller doses of alcohol.

People with Liver Damage – People with liver damage produce less alcohol dehydrogenase than do those with healthy livers and thus can become more intoxicated on smaller doses of alcohol. This phenomenon is referred to as Reverse Tolerance.

Frequent Heavy Drinkers – Frequent heavy drinkers produce more alcohol dehydrogenase than other people and thus become less intoxicated on larger quantities of alcohol. These people can metabolize up to 38 ml (over 2 standard drinks) of alcohol per hour whereas the average person metabolizes only around 13 ml (about 0.7 standard drinks) per hour.

East Asians and American Indians

Most individuals use a form of acetaldehyde dehydrogenase called ALD2 to metabolize the acetaldehyde which results from alcohol metabolism. However, many East Asians and American Indians produce a form of acetaldehyde dehydrogenase called ALD2*2 which is far less efficient at breaking down acetaldehyde than ALD2. ALD2*2 is only about 8% as efficient as ALD2 at metabolizing acetaldehyde.

Understanding alcohol metabolism products: The problem with too much NADH

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Misuse of alcohol

Alcoholism dangers on an empty stomach

January 12, 2017
Alcoholism dangers

Alcoholism dangers on an empty stomach comes with serious health complications that can kill

Alcoholism dangers on an empty stomach: Understanding alcohol metabolism

The surface area of the human stomach is only a couple of square feet, but because the small intestine has protrusions called villi, the surface area of the small intestine is thousands and thousands of square feet. Because of this fact, the small intestine is many times more efficient than the stomach at absorbing alcohol. If you want the alcohol to be absorbed into the bloodstream slowly so that your BAC will only rise slowly, your best bet is to keep the alcohol in the stomach for a long time. This actually can be done. There is a valve between the stomach and the small intestine called the pyloric valve, and when this valve is closed the alcohol will stay in the stomach. This valve stays closed when the stomach is full of food. And that explains why eating a full meal helps keep you from becoming rapidly intoxicated. Fatty foods and heavy foods tend to stay in the stomach longer than vegetables or sugars. Bluesman Charlie Patton spoke the truth when he said: “If you eat a lot of fat meat you don’t get so drunk.” This was his formula for maintaining when he played at parties where the booze flowed all night long because he understood the concept of alcoholism dangers on an empty stomach.

Alcoholism dangers on an empty stomach: What you drink does matter!!

Have you heard people reports that alcohol is alcohol and it doesn’t matter what you drink? Speaking to the experts from AWAREmed health and wellness resource center under the leadership of doctor Dalal Akoury MD, this needs to be analyzed critically because it makes a great deal of difference what one drinks for several reasons.

Alcohol Concentration: Many people find that they get much more intoxicated when drinking straight vodka than they do when drinking beer. This is because they get a lot more alcohol in their bodies in a lot shorter period of time when drinking the vodka. As a general rule of thumb the less concentrated the alcohol in a drink the less alcohol one will put into their body per hour.

Flavor: People also tend to drink strongly flavored drinks more slowly than tasteless drinks. Therefore most people will get more alcohol into their system per hour when drinking vodka than they will when drinking whiskey.

Carbonation: Carbonation speeds the absorption of alcohol into the bloodstream. People drinking carbonated drinks will become intoxicated more quickly and achieve higher BACs than people drinking the same amount of alcohol per hour in the form of non-carbonated drinks. There is, however, a trade-off here because many people drink carbonated drinks more slowly than non-carbonated drinks.

How Ant-abuse Works

Ant-abuse is the drug that makes people sick if they drink alcohol. The drug ant-abuse binds to the enzyme acetaldehyde dehydrogenase and prevents it from breaking down the acetaldehyde produced by the metabolism of alcohol. Since acetaldehyde is a poison, as it builds up it produces very unpleasant symptoms including facial flushing, headaches, nausea, vomiting, heart palpitations and other extreme physical unpleasantness. Large quantities of alcohol mixed with ant-abuse can lead to death and this is what doctor Akoury will correct when you schedule an appointment with her now.

Alcoholism dangers on an empty stomach: Understanding alcohol metabolism

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