Containing the challenges involved in Addiction Recovery

May 19, 2015

Containing the challenges involved in Addiction Recovery: Relapse Prevention

Containing the challenges involved in Addiction Recovery is very paramount in treatment of drug addiction

The consequences of substance abuse are real and life threatening. We cannot pretend that it is business as usual when the prevalence of drug addiction is ravaging and killing the economic fabric that we all work hard to improve every day. Have you ever imagine the economic and social losses that come with drug addiction? Each government today is formulating new legislations that bring even tougher penalties for the law offenders. It is a pity that these laws are only being made because of our failures to curb the situation. Is there anything you can do to help? There is actually a lot that you can do, and in fact if you are reading this article right now, you are already doing something. The information registered in this article is very rich with facts about containing the challenges involved in drug addiction recovery process. Therefore I want to encourage you to continue reading and not just reading but also invite your friends to the site of health information that delivers to greater heights. Doctor Dalal Akoury has been working round the clock to offer her contribution in the fight of this catastrophic problem in this point of time.

You may be wondering how she does this and how you can get to meeting her for a one on one discussion about some of those drug related problems that you may consider confidential. Well doctor Akoury is a medical doctor who has been in this line for over two decades helping people overcome their greatest fears of drug addictions. And while observing the great suffering of the societies, she made a very wise decision to establish a health facility where people from all walks of life can walk in for treatment about their various addiction conditions. The objective of this facility (AWAREmed Health and Wellness Resource Center) is to transform the lives of the suffering members of the societies by first creating an increased awareness about health and wellness. This she does by empowering everyone into finding their own inner healing power which everyone has is only that many have not known how to tap it for their own benefits.

The increase in awareness is all about health and wellness which when adopted will empower each individual to finding their own inner healing power. You remember when we started I stated that everyone can do something in helping solve the problem of addiction. That is not a fiction because when you discover your inner healing power, nothing will stand your way. This is what doctor Akoury desires you. Besides that it is also very important to note that doctor Akoury’s practice focuses on personalized medicine through healthy lifestyle choices that deal with primary prevention and underlying causes instead of patching up symptoms. This can only communicate total professionalism and high level of experience and working with such professionals is all that people who are looking for real solutions to their addiction problem can consult with. Therefore you can schedule for an appointment with doctor Dalal Akoury today for any concern you may be having in relation to drug addiction. In the meantime let us get back to the discussion of containing the challenges involved in addiction recovery.

Containing the challenges involved in Addiction Recovery: The after math of Addiction treatment

After successful treatment for substance abuse, addicts are faced with new challenges when reintroduced to the world as sober individuals. All addicts face temptations in recovery, and some may feel lost in the quest for sobriety. Drug relapse prevention is crucial in maintaining a sober lifestyle. There are many roads you can take to prevent relapse in recovery. Doctor Akoury says that getting sober and staying sober is the hardest part of recovery for most patients. Nonetheless staying sober can be made easier by taking certain measures which we are going to discuss shortly in this article. We mention earlier something about relapse prevention and actually drug rehabilitation is the foundation is the foundation of drug relapse prevention in addicts and very vital in the recovery process. As a recovering addict, you need to feel encouraged for the step you have made of acknowledging that you have a problem and that you want to seek for ways of fixing it. Many people are suffering from addiction and all the complications that come with it yet they are unable to take that step.

Containing the challenges involved in Addiction Recovery: A Healthy Mind and Clear Goals

Now that you know of the challenges involved in the recovery process, your actions towards addiction will and treatment will be very vital. Remember that the biggest challenge would be that of relapsing. The solution to this would be constant consultation with the experts like an addiction treatment counselor or other mental health professional to discuss your progress in sobriety. These meetings are a key part of your addiction relapse prevention regimen. Ongoing meetings with a professional strengthen an addict’s sobriety by reinforcing the skills learned while in rehabilitation.

Addiction counselors use a variety of methods to help addicts remain sober. When you or your loved one meets with a counselor, different types of therapies will be used, such as cognitive behavioral therapy. In this type of therapy, an addict will learn to cope with and avoid situations where drug use is likely to occur. An addiction treatment counselor may also use motivational incentives that encourage you or your loved one to remain sober. However, if drug relapse prevention measures are to be effective, they need to give addicts the strength to avoid drugs, not just the motivation to do so.

Besides that some addicts may require medications to remain sober. These medications suppress cravings that an addict may experience and help regulate brain functioning in patients who may experience imbalances. Such medications may include methadone, a synthetic narcotic used to suppress cravings in opiate addicts. Alongside medications meeting with a psychiatrist is also recommended as this will help you or your loved one manage recovery with medications if needed.

Subsequently, it’s very important to take care of your mind. An integral part of drug relapse prevention is keeping the mind healthy and focused. An engaged, healthy mind is less likely to be constantly thinking about using drugs. Staying occupied with positive things such as career, educational and personal goals are great ways to maintain sobriety. As you achieve these goals, you will gain a sense of pride and improve your self-esteem. As these things occur, you will be less tempted to use drugs.

Finally maintaining your stress levels also helps in drug relapse prevention. According to a study by the Social Ecology Laboratory it was established that that addicts who faced multiple negative life experiences after treatment had worse results than those who did not. Therefore it is important in times of negativity to remain positive. During such times, you may require more visits to counselors to help maintain your sobriety. This is normal and a very healthy decision to make. Do not stress over handling recovery alone because we are here to help you all the way says doctor Dalal Akoury MD and founder of AWAREmed Health and Wellness Resource Center.

Containing the challenges involved in Addiction Recovery: Relapse Prevention

Prevention of Relapse after Heroin addiction Recovery

April 6, 2015

Prevention of Relapse after Heroin addiction Recovery: What can be done within reach?

Prevention of Relapse after Heroin addiction Recovery forms one of the fundamentals of treatment of addiction

If only we could prevent all the harms that affect our wellbeing life could be very enjoyable. The society we live in is saturated with toxic pollution that even if you are not using any drug, your safety can not be guaranteed. If this is the position, then you can imagine the kind of life people who are addicted with drugs are living. It is one that you would not want to associate with if given a chance. But because we are not living in isolation we have a duty to care for our friends who are struggling with various kinds of addictions. Treatment then becomes a must for those affected and proper follow up thereafter. The process or practice of follow up is very important because besides being part of the treatment process, it is also a way of prevention of relapse after heroin addiction recovery or treatment. This article is going to dwell much on the prevention of relapse as a way of keeping healthy. Therefore we can say that relapse is generally the deterioration in someone’s state of health after a temporary improvement. Nevertheless in the context of addictive behaviors, a relapse would occur when the addict resumes his or her addictive behavior after a period of abstinence.

Experts at AWAREmed Health and Wellness Resource Center under the able leadership of doctor Dalal Akoury who is also the founder of the facility states that, for people who are trying to control their behavior rather than trying to quit entirely, a relapse is a period of uncontrolled behavior. Like for instance, for one trying to control his/her drinking, the occurrence of relapse could result in a session of binge drinking. In the same way when it comes to shopaholics who are trying to follow a spending plan, a relapse could be going on a shopping spree. In whichever way you look at it, relapse is not healthy. It takes you back several steps from the steps you have made in recovering from the bigger problem. Doctor Akoury explains that the way to prevent a relapse is to primarily recognize and deal with some of the elements that are likely to get in the way of recovery. Effective learning on how to overcome these challenges will go a long way in helping you to keep up the changes you’ve made during treatment. There are several things that a person can do to prevent relapse. And the following are some of the strategies that you may find helpful:

Prevention of Relapse after Heroin addiction Recovery: Identify a support system and stick to it

It is all about pooling together, what you know is not known by another and vice versa. It is therefore very important to surround yourself with people who are positive, those who loves, support and encourage you. Such people could come from your family, your friends, or your care providers. They will be there to help you when you are struggling with a difficult situation and experiences. I appreciate that opening up may not be very easy, however it is still very crucial that you should feel comfortable seeking for help whenever you need it. Some people find it useful to make a list of names and phone numbers to call if they start to slip back into old thought patterns or unhealthy eating behaviors.

Prevention of Relapse after Heroin addiction Recovery: Eliminate all negative influences

Try to get rid of any negative influences in your life. That includes people who make you feel bad about yourself or who constantly obsess about their own weight and appearance. Remember that your own thoughts can also be a bad influence. It is therefore very important that you learn on how to question any destructive thoughts you have about yourself. You could start by making a list of all of your good qualities and use it when you feel critical or pessimistic.

Prevention of Relapse after Heroin addiction Recovery: Get to know your Triggers

This is very important since you will be guided when there are indications of relapsing. Knowing your triggers is very helpful in defeating relapse since these are the biggest enemies of sustainability. A trigger is anything that can cause you to return to disordered eating or thoughts about disordered eating. Each person has their own triggers. They can include feeling stressed, anxious, depressed or lonely. Sometimes a traumatic experience, such as the death of a loved one can be a trigger. Some people are more likely to relapse at certain times of the year, such as during holidays or exams. To identify your triggers, think of times when you were tempted to relapse. Try to figure out what made you feel that way.

Prevention of Relapse after Heroin addiction Recovery: Prepare your coping plan

Make a list of different triggers that could cause you to relapse. Then, come up with a plan for dealing with each of these triggers in a healthier, more constructive way. Your coping plan might include calling a friend, taking a walk, or writing in a journal something that will destruct you from thinking of going back to your old habits.

Prevention of Relapse after Heroin addiction Recovery: Eat your meals regularly

A meal and snack schedule can prevent you from going back to disordered eating or even thinking of your drugs. Plan your meals and snacks ahead of time, and remember not to skip any. Take seriously taking the three meals a day plus snacks, at regular times (about every 3 hours). A consistent schedule will be good for both your emotional and physical health. Your family may be able to help by making sure that you don’t skip any of the three meals and also incorporating snacks in between.

Prevention of Relapse after Heroin addiction Recovery: Keep busy and stay involved

Creativity can be of help to you in keeping you busy. Your mind needs to be engaged in productive things. This will help you escape the temptation of getting back to the old habits. Activities which could help you engaged may include anything from arts & crafts, to volunteering, to nature walks, to joining a club. If you make time to do the things you enjoy, or to do nice things for others, your focus will shift away from your addictions and eating disorder. It can also help to keep you motivated to recover and to stay connected to your surroundings and the people in your community. Finally always seek for assistance from the experts from time to time. Doctor Akoury and her team of expert at AWAREmed Health and Wellness Resource Center will be there for you should you need any help.

Prevention of Relapse after Heroin addiction Recovery: What can be done within reach?

Alcoholic Relapse

August 14, 2014

Alcoholic Relapse – Social and Emotional Causes

In treating drug addiction relapse will be a common occurrence. Alcoholic relapsing need not to give up as this is normal and will be over-come with time.

Relapse is a common occurrence in management of various addictions. When a recovering patient relapses several times they may get discouraged but this is generally not an indication of treatment failure but just a confirmation that some progress is being made and more needs to be done in the same line. The truth is over 80% of people treated for alcoholism relapse not just during treatment but even after years of abstinence. Patients and their caregivers should understand that relapses of alcoholism are analogous to recurrent flare-ups of chronic physical diseases. Factors that place a person at high risk for relapse include:

Frustration and anger
Social pressure
Internal temptation

Mental and Emotional Stress – Alcohol blocks out emotional pain and is often perceived as a loyal friend when human relationships fail. It is also associated with freedom and with a loss of inhibition that offsets the tedium of daily routines. When the alcoholic tries to quit drinking, the brain seeks to restore what it perceives to be its equilibrium. The brain responds with depression, anxiety, and stress (the emotional equivalents of physical pain), which are produced by brain chemical imbalances. These negative moods continue to tempt alcoholics to return to drinking long after physical withdrawal symptoms have abated.

Codependency – Many aspects of the ex-drinker’s relationships change when drinking stops, making it difficult to remain abstinent:

One of the most difficult problems that occur is being around other people who are able to drink socially without danger of addiction. A sense of isolation, a loss of enjoyment, and the ex-drinker’s belief that pity, not respect, is guiding a friend’s attitude can lead to loneliness, low self-esteem, and a strong desire to drink again.
Friends may not easily accept the sober, perhaps more subdued, ex-drinker. Close friends and even intimate partners may have difficulty in changing their responses to this newly sober person and, even worse, may encourage a return to drinking.
To preserve marriages, spouses of alcoholics often build their own self-images on surviving or handling their mates’ difficult behavior and then discover that they find it difficult to adjust to new roles and behaviors.

In order to maintain abstinence, the ex-drinker may need to separate from these enablers. Close friends and family members can find help in understanding and dealing with these issues through social groups.

Social and Cultural Pressures – The media has become a powerful communication tool for the pleasures of drinking in advertising and programming. The medical benefits of light-to-moderate drinking are frequently publicized, giving ex-drinkers the false excuse of returning to alcohol for their health.

Risk Factors

It is amazing that even with obvious health risk of alcohol people are still very much into drinking. It has become a global problem with the west taking the lead in alcohol abuse. America for example is struggling with this problem of alcohol abuse with most under age getting into drinking habit. Most American adults drink at levels that put them at risk for alcohol dependence and alcohol-related problems. Let us therefore look at some of the risk factors for alcohol dependence may include:

Age

Drinking in Adolescence – we all know that alcohol consumption is very unhealthy in all dimensions, the risks of alcohol use gets more complicated depending on when one begins taking alcohol and the duration of usage. For instance anyone who begins drinking in adolescence is at risk for developing alcoholism. The earlier a person begins drinking, the greater the risk and so young people at highest risk for early drinking are those with a history of abuse, family violence, depression, and stressful life events. People with a family history of alcoholism are also more likely to begin drinking before the age of 20 and to become alcoholic. Such adolescent drinkers are also more apt to underestimate the effects of drinking and to make judgment errors, such as going on binges or driving after drinking, than young drinkers without a family history of alcoholism.

Drinking in the Elderly Population – Although alcoholism usually develops in early adulthood the elderly are not safe either. They are also affected though in a different way for example those who maintain the same drinking patterns as they age can easily develop alcohol dependency without realizing it. It will take a fewer drinks to become intoxicated, and older organs can be damaged by smaller amounts of alcohol than those of younger people. Besides all these, many medications prescribed for older people interact adversely with alcohol.

Gender

Majority of alcohol users are men though the women population drinking is also rising by the day. Studies suggest that women are more vulnerable than men to many of the long-term consequences of alcoholism. For example, women are more likely than men to develop alcoholic hepatitis and to die from cirrhosis, and again they are more vulnerable to the brain cell damage caused by alcohol.

History of Abuse

The load of individuals past life style will have great significance in the present. Those brought up by alcoholic parents have a higher risk for substance abuse later in life. In one study, 72% of women and 27% of men with substance abuse disorders reported physical or sexual abuse or both. They also had worse response to treatment than those without such a history.

Psychiatric and Behavioral Disorders

Psychiatric Disorders – Severely depressed or anxious people are at high risk for alcoholism, smoking, and other forms of addiction. Likewise, a large proportion of alcohol-dependent people suffer from an accompanying psychiatric or substance abuse disorder. Either anxiety or depression may increase the risk for self-medication with alcohol. Depression is the most common psychiatric problem in people with alcoholism or substance abuse. Alcohol abuse is very common in patients with bipolar disorder and schizophrenia.

Long-term alcoholism itself may cause chemical changes that produce anxiety and depression. It is not always clear, then, whether people with emotional disorders are self-medicating with alcohol, or whether alcohol itself is producing mood swings.

In conclusion, I believe you’re up to date with the social aspects of alcohol use. In our introduction we illustrated how relapse is a common happening addiction treatment and probably this is your area of concern and I want to offer you an opportunity to get over it. This is not something you can go through on your own, you will need the opinion of experts in this line and Dr. Dalal Akoury who is also the founder of AWAREmed Health and Wellness Resource Center is the person you need right now. She is offering her exclusive NER Recovery Treatment to every addicted patients in the most natural and professional way. Choosing to call doctor Akoury is the best thing you can do to help you overcome your addiction problems and get your life back in real time.

Alcoholic Relapse – Social and Emotional Causes

Essentials of Relapse Eradication

July 4, 2014

Essentials of Relapse Eradication-Drug Addiction

All was well until your old supplier appeared. Drug addiction recovery is possible but is frustrated by relapse. Keep new friends and you will make it.

In making effort to root out drug addiction from our systems and by extension to the society at large one of the biggest challenges we are likely to face is that of relapsing along the way. For us to achieve our objective for eradicating the problem of addiction successfully then it is proper that we analyze this topic with a view of understanding its consequences and how to contain it. Because of this great interest relapse is going to form the basis of our discussion in this article. Therefore what is actually the meaning of relapse? It basically falling back to something that you have made effort to disassociate with or from, that is to say falling or sling back into a former or old state, practice, a vice, error, wrongdoing or just backsliding into illness after recovery. From the definition it is all about fall back but for our case in this article we will concentrate on the health aspect of it as we progress with our quest to understand relapse.

Relapse is a significant factor in the process of addiction recovery which many patients fall prey to however when it happen it is important that patients should not contemplate this as an admission of failure or point of weak character. Emphasis should be made to the effect that discontinuing an addiction to drugs, alcohol, nicotine etc. is a tedious, difficult and take a long process which would ordinarily require soundness and reasonable amount of courage and willpower to emerge the victor.

The challenge of relapse is such an uphill task not just to some but all patients whether in the rehab or not. Nonetheless many people who have succeeded will testify that they met several obstacles before their great success. It is therefore important to be positive all through even if they relapse once, twice or even several times the focus and determination to triumphant should be loaded for the ultimate result of beating an addiction.

We acknowledge that the whole process can be very frustrating to the patients themselves and even to their friends and relatives when they make and put a lot of effort in an attempt of trying to knock out their addiction related habits and then all over sudden they succumb in to the cravings. For sure this will be absolutely demoralizing and the patient being human will be right to feel discouraged because all the hard work and time they have invested appears to have been for nothing and that they may not beat their addiction but I want to give you hope that the effort is worth it and they must never look back. Relapse is real and is just one of the obstacle to overcome, so dear friend keep the good work you are almost there don’t give up because that is not an option your great life is a head of you and you are just about to repossesses it.

Essentials of Relapse Eradication-Don’t give up

Acknowledging that the process of addiction recovery will not be easy is a motivation factor. Many addicts go wrong in the process by giving in to temptations, dear friend as eluded in the above points turn around all the hindrances to be positive in this process. Take note that a relapse is a manageable risk and that you/we are all human and falling into temptations is normal. Desire to be transformative in approaching all matters of addiction recovery by igniting the light of hope and that despite the surrounding you are on course and progressing well with treatment plan. Take the greatest asset here which is your family and friend. They are all very much proud of you and are behind you and are supporting you all the way.

As we said before the journey will not be full of roses and so if for whatever reason you relapse and smoked a stick of cigarette or took a sip of alcohol don’t let this wear you down forge a head accept that it has happen and take note of when it happen, why it happen and what might have been the cause for it happening and finally how you purpose to prevent it from recurring again. With this notes taken take another step the moment you are able to soberly communicate, take it upon yourself to share with your psychotherapist or counselor and seek help from them on how to elude this from occurring again. Be sure that they are professionals and will be able to assemble a work plan containing ways of dealing with this new development. With this information your counselor is likely to speak to someone from your self-help group not to demine you but this is an indicator that you need a little more extra support and motivation to help keep you on the recovery track.

Essentials of Relapse Eradication-Essentials to help you avoid a relapse

There are steps you can take to prevent this from happening. These include:

Ensuring that you are not in close contact with those things which comprised your addiction, for example alcohol in the house or medicine bottles (e.g. painkillers).
Try and elude circumstances in which your emotions are involved which will cause you in seeing your addiction as the answer or a form of escape.
Try to elude events or social situations in which you may be attracted to relapse. For example if your colleagues ask you to go for a drink after work. It is better to decline until you are at a point where cravings are no longer a problem and you feel relaxed about having a soft drink with them.
If you were part of a group of friends who take drugs than avoid them and make new friends.
Keep a telephone number of an addiction help line or your local support group close to hand so that you contact them if you feel as if you are going to relapse.
Keep attending self-help groups, counseling sessions and support networks even if you feel as if you don’t need their help any more. They can often spot the signs of a potential relapse long before you do and will advise you on how to deal with this.
If you suffer a relapse be honest with yourself as to why it has happened, accept that it has and carry on with your treatment.

Finally we must work together to defeat addiction, relapse is sometimes very discouraging but with experts like Dr. Dalal Akoury, Founder of AWAREmed Health and Wellness Resource Center, the challenge will be professionally handled, look at a brief effort doctor Akoury is making together with her team of experience experts. They are offering exclusive NER Recovery Treatment to addicted patients globally as well to other physicians and health care professionals through training, clinical apprenticeships, webinars and seminars, this is all you need and any qualified professional in all disciplines can now be a part of this truly successful and fast addiction recovery treatment.

Essentials of Relapse Eradication-Drug Addiction

Lyme disease and Relapse

March 4, 2014

Lyme disease and Relapse-Reinfection versus Relapse

Erythema migrans.

Lyme disease is the most common tick-borne infection in the United States and Europe. Clues to differentiating reinfection from relapse of Lyme disease

During both the initial infection and subsequent episodes, the majority of patients with Lyme disease manifest the distinctive skin lesion erythema migrans. In untreated patients, erythema migrans resolves spontaneously within a median of about twenty eight days, but relapse may occur within a longer period, usually within a year or so of the appearance of the initial lesion. After treatment with presently recommended antibiotic regimens, however, persistence, progression, or recurrence of the skin lesion or the development of objective extra cutaneous manifestations of Lyme disease is exceedingly rare.

Relapse has been well-documented (on the basis of recovery of B. burgdorferi by culture) only in patients treated with antibiotics like cephalexin also known to have poor activity in vitro against this microorganism, although some patients treated with certain macrolides also appear to experience relapse clinically. Thus, the development of a new erythema migrans lesion in a person with a prior history of Lyme disease who was treated with recommended regimens is prima facie evidence for reinfection.

Clinical features that suggest reinfection rather than relapse include the development of an erythema migrans lesion at a site different from that of the original lesion and the presence of a punctum in the lesion. A punctum is a small raised or depressed point near the center of a primary erythema migrans lesion, representing the site from which the tick detached. In the United States, repeat episodes of erythema migrans due to reinfection almost always develop in a subsequent transmission season during the late spring or summer (R.B.N., unpublished data) at the time when nymphal stage (i.e., the stage that is the principal vector for Lyme disease) scapular’s or Ixodes pacificus ticks are most abundant. In Eurasia, reinfection, usually transmitted by nymphal Ixodes ricinus or adult Ixodes persulcatus, is also expected to occur mostly during the late spring or summer. In contrast, cases of relapse of preexisting infection would not necessarily be expected to occur in a seasonal pattern and would be likely to arise within a few weeks to several months after the initial episode.

Lyme disease and Relapse-Differentiating reinfection from relapse

Limited data are available regarding the clinical manifestations of second episodes of erythema migrans in patients with Lyme disease who have reinfection. A recent report described twenty eight patients from Block Island, Rhode Island, who had repeated episodes of erythema migrans and were believed to have been re-infected with B. burgdorferi (five additional persons had only “flu-like illnesses” as either their first or second episode of infection but were considered to have Lyme disease on the basis of seroconversion). None of the patients had clinical evidence of immunodeficiency. Persons with reinfection were equally distributed by sex; however, 6 (86%) of 7 persons who experienced a third episode of Lyme disease were female. This finding is difficult to explain but is consistent with the observations in a recent Swedish study, in which the investigators found that twenty seven of thirty one re-infected persons were women aged 44 years old.

Lyme disease and Relapse-Analysis

As one would predict, nearly all cases of recurrent infection in the Block Island study occurred during the late spring or summer. The number and severity of symptoms were similar in the first and second episodes and appeared to be less severe during the third episode, although these findings were not statistically significant. Surprisingly, all patients with recurrent Lyme disease did not seek medical attention sooner than did those who had only a single episode. That was very interesting.

A preliminary report summarized findings for eleven men and another eleven women with who each experienced two episodes of erythema migrans and were seen at our institution; the episodes occurred a mean (±SD) of 3.25 ± 2.65 years apart. A prior tick bite at the site of erythema migrans was recalled with similar frequency in patients who experienced first and second episodes. Patient symptoms (including fever), diameter of erythema migrans, abnormal findings on physical examination, and laboratory results (complete blood count, transaminase levels, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate) during second episodes were similar to those during first episodes. These findings were also similar to those for contemporaneous control subjects who experienced single episodes of erythema migrans. This study obviously had insufficient power to detect relatively small differences.

In this study, patients were >2 times as likely to have multiple erythema migrans skin lesions (a marker of hematogenous dissemination of B. burgdorferi infection) during their first episode of Lyme disease than during their second episode (7 [32%] patients during the first episode vs. 3 [14%] patients during the second episode; P = .15). Although this finding could be a chance event, alternatively, it could be related to the development of partial host immunity, leading to protection from hematogenous dissemination after reinfection

Lyme disease and Relapse-Reinfection versus Relapse

Tag Archives: relapse