Withdrawal Syndrome

November 24, 2014

Withdrawal Syndrome, Withdrawal Seizures and the CIWA Scale

Withdrawal syndrome refers to is a set of symptoms that occurs when a person discontinues using a drug or when he reduces the dosage of the drug. Not all drugs will result in withdrawal symptoms but some prescription drugs and other drugs of recreation will result in withdrawal syndrome when one discontinues using them. For example a person who has been using alcohol for a long time will suffer withdrawal syndrome when he reduces the amounts he takes or when he stops taking alcohol completely. Normally the withdrawal syndrome will result in the patient taking more of the drug and for a longer time. In case of alcohol the withdrawal syndrome may make the addict to continue using alcohol as an escapade or other to mitigate the effects of the severe withdrawal symptoms.

People using different drugs will suffer withdrawal syndrome when they stop using the drugs or when they reduce the dosage, however there will be different symptoms. For example a person who has stopped using opiates will exhibit such symptoms as; Shaky hands, Sweating, Mild anxiety, Nausea and/or vomiting, headache and Insomnia. On the other hand a person who has stopped using opiates will exhibit the following withdrawal syndrome symptoms; muscle ache, restlessness, anxiety, lacrimation (eyes tearing up), runny nose, excessive sweating, inability to sleep and yawning very often. Withdrawal syndrome will most likely affect someone who has used the substance of abuse for so long that he has got dependent on the drug. It does not only happen to those who ate suing the recreational drugs alone but can also happen with prescription drugs. For example many people who are prescribed opioids to help manage their pain end up exhibiting withdrawal syndrome symptoms and in most cases have to be helped to quit using the drugs that were once given with medical intentions.

Withdrawal seizures

Withdrawal seizures may occur as a withdrawal syndrome symptom. It refers to the convulsions that occur when a person has stopped using a drug he has been using for a long time. It is common to users of opiates and alcohol addicts. As for alcoholics it occurs in up to one-third of alcoholics when they abruptly reduce their alcohol intake, the effects of which peak within 24 hours after the most recent alcohol ingestion. These seizures are in most cases brief or partial. It however should not be taken lightly since if not taken care of in good time an alcoholic who suffers seizures may develop delirium tremens. Most alcohol withdrawal seizures normally resolve spontaneously or respond well to benzodiazepines but the risk of delirium tremens should not be overlooked. In most addicts it is said that withdrawal seizures is responsible for their physical injuries such as burns and wounds.

Withdrawal delirium

Withdrawal delirium is common among alcoholics. In fact it is the most severe form of withdrawal syndromes associated with alcoholism. It causes sudden and severe problems in your brain and nervous system. It is approximated that five percent of hospital patients being treated for alcohol withdrawal also experience Alcohol withdrawal delirium. Alcohol Withdrawal delirium is also known as delirium tremens or Delirium tremens. It is a medical emergency.

Alcohol withdrawal delirium is mostly caused by sudden stop in alcohol consumption after a long time of heavy drinking. However other causes may include; reduce their alcohol use too quickly, don’t eat enough when reducing alcohol use, have a head injury and infections. A person suffering from alcohol will show the following symptoms among others;

hallucinations
nightmares
fever
fatigue
nausea
restlessness
chest pain
excitement
fear
sudden mood changes
delirium
sensitivity to light
sensitivity to sound
sensitivity to touch
anxiety
agitation
irritability
confusion
delusions

Treating alcohol withdrawal delirium

Firstly, you should know that withdrawal delirium can cause death and so treatments should only take place in hospital. It is also crucial that the patient should access treatment as soon as possible. When a delirium tremens patient has been taken to hospital the doctors may employ the following means to treat him; anticonvulsants to prevent or stop seizures, sedatives to calm agitation and treat anxiety, antipsychotic medications to prevent hallucinations, medication to reduce fever, treatment for other alcohol related conditions and rehabilitation to help you stop drinking and avoid future cases of the disease striking again.

Clinical Institute Withdrawal Assessment for Alcohol

Often abbreviated as CIWA, Clinical Institute Withdrawal Assessment for Alcohol is an item that is used in assessment and management of alcohol withdrawal. The main purpose of the CIWA scale is to provide an efficient and objective means of assessing alcohol withdrawal. The scale is used to test for severity of the common withdrawal syndrome symptoms independently after which the aggregates will be used as an insight into the severity of alcohol withdrawal. The ranges on the scale show what should be done at each level to manage the withdrawal symptoms for example administering benzodiazepines. The maximum score on the CIWA scale is 67; while any score less than 15 is termed a mild alcohol withdrawal, moderate with scores of 16 to 20, and severe with any score greater than 20. The ten items evaluated on the scale are common symptoms and signs of alcohol withdrawal, and are as follows:

Nausea and vomiting
Tremor
Paroxysmal sweats
Anxiety
Agitation
Tactile disturbances
Auditory disturbances
Visual disturbances
Headache
Orientation and clouded sensorium

Finally, Here at AWAREmed Health and Wellness Resource Center we are committed to availing help to addicts by availing some of the most integrative approaches to healing an addict. We advocate for natural healing to all kinds of addiction. Call on Dr. Dalal Akoury (MD) at Myrtle Beach, South Carolina for help.

Withdrawal Syndrome, Withdrawal Seizures and the CIWA Scale

Understanding withdrawal

November 24, 2014

Neurobiology of withdrawal

The biggest challenge to all addicts that makes it hard for them to quite using drugs is withdrawal. Most addicts are not using the drugs because the like using the drugs but rather because they are enslaved to the drugs in such a way that whenever they try to boycott the drug the withdrawal symptoms will be too overwhelming to deal with and so they end up succumbing to the intense craving of their drug of abuse, some choose to go back to their old life where drugs matter simply because they want an instant relief from the withdrawal symptoms. The instant relief will be achieved but this will escalate the problem even further as the patient will be following the same tradition.

To walk with everybody, we need to understand this whole topic, the term withdrawal is not new as it has been defined in previous articles. However we need to define neurobiology so that we all are on one ground.

What is Neurobiology?

Neurobiology is the study of cells of the nervous system and how these cells are organized of these cells into functional circuits that process information and influence behavior. Neurobiology is a sub unit of both biology and neuroscience. Neuroscience is much broader as a scientific study of the nervous system than neurobiology.

It is crucial to understand the functions of the neurons. Firstly, the neurons are cells that are specialized to receive, propagate, and transmit electrochemical impulses to initiate certain responses that are critical for proper functioning of the body. The brain of a human being has more than a hundred billion neurons. These neurons however are diverse in morphology and function.

The nervous system is very important owing to its many function, it is therefore good to note that it should be healthy at all times since any slight effect on the neurotransmitters goes a long way in affected not only the health of a person but also his behavior. Illnesses that affect the nervous system are known as neurobiological disorders. These neurobiological disorders are often caused by genetic, metabolic and other biological factors. Most of the illnesses termed as psychiatric disorders are neurobiological. These may include; bipolar disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorders, autism, Tourette syndrome and even schizophrenia. To avoid most of the neurobiological disorders, it is good to maintain a good nutrition and avoid substances that may deplete the neurons and interfere with the proper functioning of the nervous system. In this article we will explore what happens to the nervous system that causes withdrawal.

What causes withdrawal symptoms?

A person using any type of recreational drug risks suffering from its severe withdrawal symptoms and each drug of abuse has its own unique withdrawal symptoms that those who depend on the drug have to suffer. However it is good to note that you cannot suffer any withdrawal symptom however long you use a drug until you become dependent on the drug. You first have to depend on the drug to suffer its withdrawal symptoms. Without dependence there is no withdrawal.

Neurotransmitters are naturally synthesized in the cell body and migrate down the axon to the presynaptic terminals. Here they are stored in little packets called vesicles which fuse with the synaptic membrane. When a depolarizing current is received, these vesicles release their contents into the synaptic cleft. These happen naturally without dependence on any drug.

The neurotransmitters relay signals between nerve cells, called neurons. The brain uses neurotransmitters to tell your heart to beat, your lungs to breathe, and your stomach to digest. They can also affect mood, sleep, concentration, weight, and can cause adverse symptoms when they are out of balance. However neurotransmitter levels can be depleted many ways. One of the biggest contribution to the depletion of the neurotransmitters is the use of drugs both prescription and recreational.

When you use drugs, especially the recreational drugs for a long time there are neurotransmitters that are affected. The neurotransmitters in the brain have specific purposes that together ensure the right balance in the brain for proper functioning of the neurotransmitters. There are both inhibitory and excitatory neurotransmitters in the brain. There must be balance between these neurotransmitters if the brain is to work normally. However when a person has become dependent on drugs, the balance between these neurotransmitters is interfered with. The inhibitory hormones include:

Serotonin- this neurotransmitter is anti-stimulant. It suppresses all the effects of drugs recreation that works to stimulate the brain. It should be available in good levels to ensure balance in moods too. When you become dependent on recreation drugs serotonin becomes depleted and so the ‘highs’ of the brain will be unregulated making the brain dependent on the drugs. Any attempt to stop using the drug will cause withdrawal. Plus it is serotonin that controls cravings for carbohydrates and even responsible for sleep cycles when it’s depleted the withdrawal symptoms become inevitable.

GABA –this also regulates the excitatory neurotransmitter firing to the brain, however when drugs of recreation are used for a long time this neurotransmitter becomes depleted further creating an imbalance in the brain.

Just like inhibitory neurotransmitter excitatory Neurotransmitters are also very important but are also affected by drugs of abuse. These include;

Norepinephrine- is an excitatory neurotransmitter that is responsible for stimulatory processes in the body. Norepinephrine helps to make epinephrine as well. Drugs suppress your brain’s production of neurotransmitters like noradrenaline. When you stop using drugs or alcohol it’s like taking the weight off the brain, and your brain rebounds by producing a surge of adrenaline that causes withdrawal symptoms. Plus when the levels of inhibitory neurotransmitters are low it means the levels of excitatory neurotransmitters are increased and this causes anxiety and low moods which are common symptoms of withdrawal. Other excitatory hormones that are subject to drug abuse include dopamine and epinephrine. The imbalance between the excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters is responsible for withdrawal in drug users. We at AWAREmed Health and Wellness Resource Center are committed to availing help to addicts by availing some of the most integrative approaches to healing an addict. We advocate for natural healing to all kinds of addiction. Call on Dr. Dalal Akoury (MD) at Myrtle Beach, South Carolina for help.

Neurobiology of withdrawal

Nutrients Associated With Relaxing And Strengthening The Nervous System

November 21, 2014

Nutrients Associated With Relaxing And Strengthening The Nervous System

Nervous System Nutrients The nervous system is made up of the brain, spinal cord and all the nerve endings throughout your body. This system is very fundamental as most activities are channeled through this system. All the essential functions of life such as breathing, heartbeat, locomotion and cognitive functions are dependent on this system. This system however needs to be nourished and replenished by nutrients from our daily meals. Proper functioning of your nervous system relies on a number of factors, including nutrients obtained from your diet. Consuming essential minerals and vitamins can help ensure the continued health of your nervous system which will result in your overall good health.

Calcium– Calcium is a mineral that is present in the foods we eat. It is responsible for maintain bone density and strength. It is one of the most important nutrients for strengthening the nervous system as well. However use of some substances like caffeine, sugar, alcohol, and other drugs often cause the body to deplete calcium. Particularly caffeine has been shown to double the urinary excretion of calcium. Several studies have demonstrated low serum calcium levels in alcoholics. Depressed calcium and magnesium levels are often the root of irritability, muscular spasm, and pain experienced by alcoholics and drug addicts. For this reason it is advisable that a recovering addict should take 1000 mg of elemental calcium per day in divided doses, preferably at the beginning of meals.

Magnesium-Magnesium is a crucial mineral in the nervous system.it works together with calcium in keeping the nervous system strong and healthy. Most abused substances contribute to diminished magnesium levels in the blood. This is unhealthy since it is magnesium that also regulates the amounts of mineral calcium in the whole system. This is how magnesium regulates the amounts of mineral calcium in the system. It is good to note that in the body these two minerals are positively charged. When they come into contact with negatively charged particles, an electrical current is formed. It is believed that fatty acids comprising the major portion of nerve tissue are negatively charged. Therefore to maintain a good electrical status the minerals calcium and magnesium supplies must be constantly renewed without this the flow of current by the nerves cannot be maintained.

Just like a battery works only when there is a positive and a negative electrode that maintains an electrical current. In case the positive plates become exhausted, will no longer function well. By this same mechanism, small amounts of electrical currents flow from the calcium ion to the negatively charged nerve lipids. When magnesium levels are low, the calcium supply becomes exhausted, and in the absence of adequate calcium, the nerve cells cease to function. It is advisable that a recovering addict should consider taking 500-1000 mg of elemental magnesium daily in divided doses, preferably at the beginning of meals.

DL-Phenylalanine (DLPA) – DLPA is composed of two amino acids, D-Phenylalanine and L-Phenylalanine. It is the raw material that the nervous system uses to make PEA (Phenyl ethylamine) which increases the body’s ability to utilize endorphins. DL- Phenylalanine is most useful for cocaine addicts because it helps to restore norepinephrine levels, a neurotransmitter that is depleted by cocaine use. DLPA is also effective in lessening cravings and reducing depression, pain, and irritability. One double-blind study by Dr. Abram Hoffer compared the effect of D-Phenylalanine with imipramine which is a commonly prescribed anti-depressant, in 60 patients. Those given D-Phenylalanine had a higher rate of improvement, without the side effects of the anti-depressant. For good health and strong nervous system 500-750 mg dose, two times daily is recommended.

Nutrients for The Nervous System

Potassium

The mineral potassium helps in proper nervous system function by regulating nerve impulses. This mineral plays a role in action potentials, the electrochemical impulses your nerve cells use to transmit a signal throughout the cell. Over the course of an action potential, sodium and potassium flood into and out of the cells, providing a temporary electrical signal that elicits a response within a nerve cell. The University Of Pennsylvania School Of Medicine explains that potassium signaling is important in turning off these nerve impulses when appropriate, preventing uncontrolled nerve signaling that can lead to diseases like epilepsy. Eating foods rich in potassium, like bananas, prune juice and oranges can help you consume an adequate level of potassium each day, supporting proper nervous system functioning.

Vitamin B-12

Vitamin B-12 is an essential vitamin that helps the functioning of the nervous system. This vitamin is part of the B-class vitamins and its main function is to help in the body’s metabolism. It helps in the metabolism of carbohydrates to produce glucose which fuels all the brain functions. This vitamin also supports nervous system functioning by helping to maintain healthy myelin, a nerve insulator that allows nerve transmission. A study by The Linus Pauling Institute at Oregon State University reveals that vitamin B-12 deficiency can cause a breakdown of myelin within the brain, which can in turn lead to diseases like Alzheimer’s. Consume foods like shellfish, poultry, beef and eggs to ensure proper vitamin B-12 consumption and support nervous system functioning

Thiamine-Thiamine or Thiamin also known as Vitamin B1 is a water-soluble vitamin of the B complex. This vitamin is needed so that our bodies can use carbohydrates as energy. It is a necessity for glucose metabolism. Thiamine also plays an important role in nerve, muscle and heart function. B1 (thiamine) optimizes cognitive activity and brain function. It also enhances the utilization of the glucose supplemented to form ATP and prevent the generation lactic acid that may accelerate cell damage in the brain

Nutrients Associated With Relaxing And Strengthening The Nervous System

Understanding At-Risk Drinking, Alcohol Abuse and Dependence

November 20, 2014

Differences That Exists Between At-Risk Drinking, Abuse and Dependence

Alcohol drinking has different effects when taken at different levels. Doctors have credited moderate drinking of alcohol to be healthy. Some of the health benefits that are associated with moderate drinking include the following; moderate drinking of alcohol improves blood lipid profile by increasing HDL also known as good cholesterol and decreasing LDL popularly known as bad cholesterol. It also decreases blood clotting by reducing platelet aggregation, reducing fibrinogen which causes blood clotting and increasing fibrinolysis. Fibrinolysis is the process by which clots dissolve. Moderate drinking also helps in increasing coronary blood flow, reducing blood pressure, and reducing blood insulin level. However when a person drinks alcohol without moderation then all the benefits will be overweighed by the dangers that come with heavy drinking.

Differences That Exists Between At-Risk Drinking, Abuse and Dependence

There are different levels of drinking and each level exhibits different characteristics, as you begin drinking alcohol your behavior changes, the more you drink the more you will need and this is what brings about addiction. Let’s say you may begin by drinking once in a week, your thirst for alcohol will grow and before you know it you will be drinking five times in a week and this may increase gradually till you become dependent on alcohol. As the levels change so do the dangers escalate. The more you take the greater the risk. Here are the different levels of drinking.

At-risk drinking

This refers to consumption above the low-risk guidelines. At-risk drinking is consumption of alcohol in quantities that are potentially harmful to the person using alcohol. A person at this stage may not experience some of the known severe effects of alcohol consumption but if nothing is done to help a person who is at this stage of alcohol drinking to stop drinking then he may graduate to higher levels of drinking.

A man would be said to be at-risk drinker when he drinks as much 4 drinks a day or 14 drinks per week. On the other hand a woman will be said to at-risk drinker when he consumes as much 3 drinks any day or more than 7 drinks per week. Research has revealed that about 1 in 4 people who exceed these limits already have alcoholism or alcohol abuse, and the rest are at greater risk for developing these and other problems. Again, individual risks vary. People can have problems drinking less than these amounts, particularly if they drink too quickly.

Some of the risks that an at-risk drinker will have to deal with include;

He risks being dependent on alcohol if all is not done to help him evade alcohol use completely. He also risks succumbing to injuries this is because drinking too much increases your chances of being injured or even killed. Alcohol is a factor, for example, in about 60% of fatal burn injuries, drowning, and homicides; 50% of severe trauma injuries and sexual assaults; and 40% of fatal motor vehicle crashes, suicides, and fatal falls.

Another risk is the risk the risk of poor health such as depression and even sleep disorders, other risk is the risk of contacting sexual infections while alcohol has taken toll. However it is good to note that of all the risk, the biggest risk is that of becoming dependent on alcohol as that will be hard to deal with due to severity of the withdrawal symptoms associated with it.

Alcohol Abuse

Alcohol abuse refers to hazardous or socially inappropriate behavior while drinking e.g., dangerous driving. A person who has reached the level of alcohol abuse will not know the bad manners he is involved in are as a result of his heavy drinking and they are mostly involved in bar brawls and fights as they will cease to be in control of their actions while under the influence of alcohol.

Alcohol dependence

Alcohol dependence is a psychological syndrome characterized by compulsive drinking and loss of control over consumption. At this level a person becomes dependent on alcohol so much that he cannot survive without it. Most of the time they will be seen drunk and they will no longer control the frequency and the amount of alcohol they control daily. This will make it even hard for them to maintain their jobs and supplement their family needs.

The difference between at-risk drinking, alcohol abuse and dependence

There are indicators that will let you differentiate whether a person is an at-risk drinker, an alcohol abuser or dependent on alcohol. We will use these indicators to help us find the difference between these levels of alcohol consumption.

Withdrawal symptoms- the withdrawal symptoms are not present in the at-risk drinkers, in those at alcohol abuse the withdrawal symptoms are absent too but in alcohol dependence withdrawal symptoms are mostly present.

Tolerance- in both at-risk drinkers and alcohol abuse there is mild tolerance to alcohol while in alcohol dependence there is marked tolerance.

Weekly consumption- at at-risk the weekly consumption is just above the low-risk guideline while alcohol abuse is characterized by binge drinking. In alcohol dependence a person will drink 40 or more drinks per week.

Drinks per day- at-risk drinker may take fewer than 4 drinks per day while at alcohol abuse a person will sometimes take less than 4 drinks daily. At alcohol dependence a person will rarely take less than four drinks a day.

Social consequences- at at-risk a person will not have social problems, while at alcohol abuse he will have occasional argument with wife and may face problems at work. At alcohol dependence the social consequences are quite severe, he may lose his job.

Alcohol abuse

Physical consequences- at at-risk the physical consequences may be mild, these may include; hypertension, insomnia and fatty liver. At alcohol abuse the physical consequences may include trauma and violence while at alcohol dependence the physical consequences may be severe, these may include cirrhosis and pancreatitis.

Alcoholism is a problem that many people are chained to. We at AWAREmed Health and Wellness Resource Center are committed to availing help to addicts by availing some of the most effective integrative approaches to healing an addict. Call on Dr. Dalal Akoury (MD) at Myrtle Beach, South Carolina for help.

Differences That Exists Between At-Risk Drinking, Abuse and Dependence

Recovering Addiction; Natural Medicine

November 18, 2014

Natural Medicine for the Recovering Addiction

There are problems that we suffer from today that can be easily solved if we leaned on Mother Nature. We however have been blinded and tied to the orthodox treatment standards that do not offer lasting solutions to our diseases. Most if not all of the orthodox medical interventions focus on treating the symptoms of a disease and not on healing the person wholly. Addiction is one problem that many people have suffered from and still many people are stuck to even today. The biggest problem with Recovering Addiction is that to help the addicts to stop using the drugs other substances are used to help satisfy their cravings these substances may make them dependent, they will not be able to feel normally without using the substances hence giving rise to severe withdrawal symptoms whenever they try to creep out of them. The addicts therefore need to explore some of the most effective healing approaches that can only be availed by nature. The natural medicine has been used in fighting addiction for a long time. In most Asian countries the natural addiction treatments are used by many are greatly preferred.

People turn to substance of abuse for a momentary salvage from their physical and emotional problems but after along use of such drugs their physical and mental health becomes greatly debilitated. The nervous system becomes affected and the entire body becomes unable to perform most of its functions effectively. To effectively treat an addict a more integrative approach should be used to ensure that not only the symptoms are treated but the entire system that is affected by the use of the drug is rectified and the person can enjoy life without fear of addiction to the substance troubling him in the future.

Recovering Addiction

Natural medicine is focused on the patient, Recovering Addiction

Most of the healers who use natural medicine in curing recovering addicts are integrative in their approach to healing the patient. This focus on healing the patient aims at detoxifying the body and all the affected systems by the long-term drug use, replenishing all the needed nutrients that the use of the drugs had depleted in the body and boosting the immunity of the addict to be able to resist the urge to indulge in drug use. The treatment is therefore focused on whole person healing. The drugs o not only affect the physical being of a person but affects the entire trinity; the body the spirit and the mind. With such a treatment everything about the addict changes including his behavior.

After along use of drugs the body loses some of the most valuable nutrients, therefore it is crucial to have these nutrients replenished during the recovery process. Some of these crucial minerals and vitamins that are depleted after long use of drugs include; calcium, magnesium and even zinc.

Detoxification is a crucial process in addiction recovery, the liver and the digestive system should be cleansed and the nervous system strengthened and restored treating any type of debility in the nervous system. Some of the crucial minerals and vitamins that are available naturally and in bio-friendly forms that can be supplemented to benefit an addict include;

Zinc– zinc is a mineral that plays an important role in carbohydrate metabolism. As said earlier the use of alcohol and drugs of abuse causes a zinc deficiency. Low zinc levels can cause liver deterioration and diminished functioning of the reproductive organs, immune system, and skin. A recovering addict should supplement zinc using Zinc picolinate which is considered bio-friendly. Eating foods that are rich in zinc like pumpkin seeds can also help an addict.

Calcium– Calcium is one of the most important nutrients for strengthening the nervous system. Caffeine, sugar, alcohol, and other drugs often cause the body to eliminate calcium. Caffeine, for example, has been shown to double the urinary excretion of calcium. Several studies have demonstrated low serum calcium levels in alcoholics. Low levels of calcium and magnesium levels are often the root of irritability, muscular spasm, and pain experienced by alcoholics and drug addicts. A recovering addict should consider 1000 mg of elemental calcium per day in divided doses, preferably at the beginning of meals. Nutritionists however advocate for green sources of calcium.

Herbs that can be used to promote healing in recovering addiction

Thunbergia laurifolia– This herb is commonly used in Thailand for detoxification. This herb is potent enough to cleanse the body of harmful; effects of the long-term use of drugs and alcohol. It also works well in reducing fevers. In a recovering addiction it may help in clearing all the debris of alcohol and drugs.

Dandelion– This herb is widely used in Europe as an excellent liver detoxifier and mild diuretic. It increases the flow of bile and encourages both the transformation and transportation of nutrients. It has been used historically to treat liver disorders, arthritis and gout. In the Recovering addiction it will ease the transportation of nutrients in the body and restore energy in the cells.

Recovering Addiction

Ginkgo – this herb has many medicinal properties. It is known to increase energy by enhancing cellular glucose uptake. It is also a scavenger of free radicals. Its other benefits include; it encourages peripheral circulation and improves short term memory. It is good for a recovering addict as it’s improves cognitive functions.

Finally, Here at AWAREmed Health and Wellness Resource Center we are committed to availing help to addicts by availing some of the most integrative approaches to healing an addict. We advocate for natural healing to all kinds of addiction. In case you are struggling with addiction just call on Dr. Dalal Akoury (MD) at Myrtle Beach, South Carolina for help.

Natural Medicine for the Recovering Addiction

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