Tag Archives: healthy skin

The best bridal skin plan before the wedding

January 2, 2015

The best bridal skin plan before the wedding – Get gorgeous skin for your wedding day

The best bridal skin plan before the wedding

The best bridal skin plan before the wedding entails the following very instrumental steps in keeping your skin beautiful for the best skin plan before the wedding: • Cleansing • Exfoliation • Moisturizing

We have just mention in the last article certain things that need to be done if you want to have the best of the best glowing skin on your wedding day. It did not end at the previous article, and so we want to continue with the discussion focusing on the best bridal skin plan before the wedding. Of the many things we do in our lives, there are those that can only be done once. In other words, they are done once in a life time. We are never born twice and in the same way we die once. When we are born or die we often don’t see and so we can’t plan for such time. I appreciate that the people around us can but the dying individual of the baby being born has no say about the things happening at that time. This is different with when we are planning to marry or get married. In this case both parties are very much involved in the planning and the implementation of all the plans. This is what we want to further on with a view of finding the best bridal skin plan before the wedding.

The skin being the largest organ of the body is often very vulnerable to a lot of environmental damaging effects. I appreciate that the skin needs care all the time and not just on the wedding occasion. However because of the impact associated with the wedding, and due to the fact that it is done once in a life time, special considerations will need to be explored for both the bride and the groom to look remarkably outstanding on their big day. Doctor Dalal Akoury who is also the founder of AWAREmed Health and Wellness Resource Center is fellowship trained and certified in anti-aging functional and regenerative medicine, as well as having more than twenty years of accumulated experience in skincare, emergency medicine, pediatrics, and a master’s degree in public health is going to share with us the following simple steps applicable to getting a beautiful, glowing skin in time for your wedding.

Of course every bride wants to look her best on her wedding day and for many women that mean dress fittings and hair and makeup tests to ensure that everything looks just right however take note that, all that preparation will go to waste if your skin isn’t perfect. Oh dear I’ve just got your attention, let’s get to business now. Getting a good healthy and glamorous skin takes work. You can’t just start taking care of your skin the night before your wedding and have it looking fantastic on the wedding day dear it’s not going to work. It is important to note that it takes a minimum of three months to get skin into that desired glowing shape. Doctor Akoury suggests that just the way you plan for the gown, wedding venue, the officiating minister, the reception and the likes, your skincare must also become a key ingredient in your wedding plan to keep things on track. Now that I have your full attention and I know that you need help getting your skin ready for your wedding? Here are some easy tips to get you glowing.

The best bridal skin plan before the wedding – Create a core skincare routine

The following steps are very instrumental in keeping your skin beautiful for the best skin plan before the wedding:

Dear bride it all starts with cleansing, morning and night. Take this seriously the night cleaning. One of the biggest mistakes we often make is to retire to bed with our makeups on. This is sinful in the language of professionals. Cleansing skin removes dirt, oil and bacteria, which can help keep pores clear. After cleansing you exfoliate, remember that the frequency of exfoliation will depend both on the product you’re using and your skin type. Like for instance if your skin gets irritated or feels raw, a gentle product or reduced frequency of exfoliation. Irrespective of how often you exfoliate, this is very important for beautiful skin because it is the way through which we get rid of those dead skin cells which contributes greatly to defeating the best bridal skin plan before the wedding, after and beyond.

The most important step is hydration. Moisturizers get quite a bad rap, because a lot of them are too heavy for oily skin, but there are some great oil-free moisturizers out there. Every morning, use a moisturizer with an SPF of 15 or higher, no excuses on this it has to be done.

The best bridal skin plan before the wedding – Getting professional help

To get the best, this is very important. It may not matter the kind of skin-care regime you’re using. The regular visits to the professional’s clinic are very ideal. That is why doctor Dalal Akoury founded AWAREmed Health and Wellness Resource Center where you can get all your monthly professional facials. The importance of a professional skin treatment is not just for the relaxation, but they are also more intensive. Therefore if you start your routine like six months before the wedding, you’re going to have great skin, because you’re having facials regularly.

The best bridal skin plan before the wedding – Treating problem spots

Whether it’s unruly acne or unbecoming wrinkles, the important thing to remember when attempting to resolve your particular skin issue is to spot and treat. You want to have your core routine suited to your general skin type, your skin condition, and then specific products formulated to target the pimples, for example. If you only get wrinkles around your eyes, there’s no point in putting wrinkle cream on your entire face.

The best bridal skin plan before the wedding – Pre wedding day dos and don’ts
For pre-wedding preparations it is advisable that you get facials done two days before the big day and applying a facial mask the morning of the wedding to add a healthy glow to your complexion. It is only necessary that you inform your skincare professional that you’re wedding at least in good time. Most skin-care professionals tend to do things a little differently that day but to ensure that the skin has a glow and add a lot of hydration to the skin. After said all these, the biggest pre-wedding No and a must No, is trying any new products on your skin right before your wedding many tales of wedding woe begin with this mistake. Finally if you follow these simple tips and make regular consultations with the experts (Doctor Akoury) the best bridal skin plan for the wedding will be achieved.

The best bridal skin plan before the wedding – Get gorgeous skin for your wedding day

 

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What is really Aging Your Skin

December 31, 2014

What is really Aging Your Skin – Tips to preserve the youthfulness of your skin

What is really Aging Your Skin

What is really Aging Your Skin. Stress can make you tense up and grimace or frown, often without you even realizing it and in the process facilitates aging of your skin

For sure nothing defines your age more than your skin. You may think of the development of grey hair as a defining moment of aging, but this can easily be colored with hair dye, however once your skin has begun to show the signs of age it can be very difficult to make it look young again. This is one reason why professionals all over the world are making effort to come up with treatment methods which can correct this situation. At AWAREmed Health and Wellness Resource Center under Doctor Akoury’s care where focus is on Neuroendocrine Restoration (NER) to reinstate normality through realization of the oneness of Spirit, Mind, and Body, Unifying the threesome into ONE. Keeping your skin healthy and vibrant is also our core concerns. At this facility, doctor Akoury offers all the needed skin care solutions that will keep you more youthful and glamorous for a very long time. Because of the great effects emanating from the improper skincare, we understand your worries about what is really aging your skin. That is why doctor Akoury is here for you to offer lasting solution to all your worries only if you can schedule for an appointment with her today.

Nonetheless your skin is actually the largest organ in your body and it is very important to keep it as healthy as you would do to your heart, lungs and liver. Remember that the skin protects us from the extremes of our environment and from pollutants in the air around us. Fortunately the same things that will keep your skin healthy will also keep it younger looking.

  • Wear an SPF of 30 year round.
  • Try to avoid high levels of stress by incorporating activities such as meditation, yoga, and walking into your routine.
  • Drink herbal teas that contain antioxidants.
  • Wear sunglasses that provide 100% UV ray protection.
  • Humidifiers can help replenish moisture in the air to minimize the depletion of moisture from your skin through evaporation.
  • Get plenty of sleep. Research shows that skin regenerates itself between the hours of 10pm and 3am.
  • Nourish your skin with an anti-aging cream. As you apply your facial moisturizer, take some time to work it gently into your skin with light massaging strokes.
  • Healthy eating is vital to skin regeneration. Choose foods that are fresh and not processed and drink plenty of water.

In an attempt to answer the question “what is really aging your skin?” Fixing the following pitfalls will be very important even though we know that many factors other than genes and the sun affects the skin. The phenomenon of skin aging is as a result of many things. There is a lot more you can do to control skin aging as discussed below:

What is really Aging Your Skin – Sweet treats

If you tell me that you like sugary foods, I will agree with you because for sure they are sweet. Nonetheless, when sugar breaks down and enters into the blood system, it unites with protein molecules, including those found in collagen and elastin fibers that support skin, through a process called glycation. This degrades the collagen and elastin, which in turn leads to sagging and wrinkles.

Preventive measures – this can be controlled by reducing the consumption of simple carbohydrates like soft drinks and candy, but also seemingly innocuous choices, such as honey, white rice, and white bread. These foods are quickly converted into sugar in your body and put your skin on the fast track to glycation. If you need something sweet a small square of dark chocolate will be appropriate. The antioxidants in it can protect you from free radicals, those unstable atoms in the atmosphere that latch on to skin and lead to fine lines. Also, increase your intake of vitamin C. It helps generate collagen.

What is really Aging Your Skin – Frequent Flying?

For those who use air transport a lot being in the plane means that you’re very close to the sun and so solar rays can easily pass through the windows at a more intense and higher altitude no wonder many pilots and flight attendants have been found to be at an increased risk for melanoma and other skin cancers. It must also be noted that the air in the space is dry and without moisture and so the skin, like any living tissue will simply shrivels.

Preventive measures – the solution to this would be drinking lots of water when on flight and also avoiding alcohol and salty foods, which are dehydrating and apply a rich moisturizer with SPF 15 or higher 30 minutes before boarding, as sunscreen needs time to be absorbed before its effective. If you sit next to the window it is advisable that you pull down the shade.

What is really Aging Your Skin – Untamed Tension?

Stress is a big enemy to the skin therefore when you’re under intense or chronic pressure, your body increases production of the hormone cortisol, which can damage collagen and elastin and decrease the skin’s ability to repair itself. Furthermore, stress can make you tense up and grimace or frown, often without you even realizing it. If this persists over time, the muscle contractions can leave their mark in the form of permanent lines.

Preventive measures – stress and anxiety must be eliminated by all means. For instance Yoga, Tai Chi, and brisk walking are some of the most effective tension tamers, probably because of the meditative aspect they come with. (The deep or rhythmic breathing of yoga and Tai Chi probably helps too, by promoting healthy circulation.) If your work schedule does not allow you to exercise well, then you may need to break shortly for even 20-30 minutes take a walk to your lunch joint and back.

What is really Aging Your Skin – Weight Fluctuations?

Packing on pounds can make your skin look plumper on the surface, but carrying excess weight can cause your body’s levels of insulin (a hormone made by the pancreas that controls the amount of sugar in your blood) and cortisol to rise, which can break down collagen. Adding even a little weight will definitely trigger skin sagging.

Preventive measures – keeping the correct weight is not very easy and therefore it will be necessary that you schedule for an appointment with doctor Akoury who is also an expert in weight loss. She will evaluate your condition and advice you professionally on how to shed off the excess pounds in the most healthy and natural way.

What is really Aging Your Skin – Midlife Moisture Loss?

As for women in menopause, their body may begin pumping out less estrogen. Since estrogen stimulates oil and collagen production in the skin, your skin may become drier, more wrinkled, and saggy as the estrogen levels drop.

Preventive measures – Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) can offset some of these effects, but it can take time to find the exact combination of hormones that your body responds to. For more instant results, you might consider dermal fillers, which are injected into the skin to fill in wrinkles and plump up sagging areas. You can consult with doctor Akoury for professional input on this and many more concerns about what is really aging your skin.

What is really Aging Your Skin – Tips to preserve the youthfulness of your skin

 

 

 

 

 

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Saving your skin this summer from further decay

December 30, 2014

Saving your skin this summer from further decay – The most endangered organ the Skin

Saving your skin this summer from further decay

Saving your skin this summer from further decay. Make adjustment to your skincare routine during summer for a more beautiful look of your skin.

One of the most endangered human assets is the body’s largest organ the skin. This is also the organ that expresses ones beauty because it is what the face will first come into contact with. How good we protect it will determine how beautiful we will look both from the inside and outside. The skin is very vulnerable in all seasons and therefore saving your skin this summer from further decay would be very necessary. For sure summer would be the perfect time to start over, recharge, and relax. As the temperature changes, your beauty skincare routine should too. You may not need to put aside all your spring skincare products, just update your regimen with these tips to protect your skin from the warm, humid and sunny months. Doctor Dalal Akoury a skincare professional and also the founder of the home of beauty for all seasons AWAREmed Health and Wellness Resource Center explains a few tips for saving your skin this summer from further decay.

She says that the first thing to do is to make adjustment to your skincare routine. For example you will need to exfoliate your skin 3 times per week to get rid of any spring flakiness and change to a slightly lighter moisturizer for the protection of your skin from the warmer weather. Even as you make these adjustments, it is still very important that you maintain the use of spf30 sunscreen daily to protect skin from the sun’s damaging rays.

Saving your skin this summer from further decay – Cleanse

Because the beauty of your skin and the face to be specific is our focus, and with warmer weather approaching, washing your face must be the first item to prioritize in your skincare routine. Instead of a moisturizing cleanser, chose a more clarifying oil-absorbing cleanser. Ensure that you don’t use a cleanser with any detergent (SLS). The common foaming agent found in many skin care face washes sodium laurel sulfate (SLS) is the same ingredient found is dish washing soap and laundry detergent. These ingredients can be extremely harsh and frustrating to the skin, therefore get all the information about the ingredient of any product you use. It would be advisable that you use a soothing and purifying facial cleanser that is natural and non-drying. Look for ingredients such as silver and salicylic acid as well as resveratrol (super anti-oxidant and detoxing). These cleansers will not only dissolve make up and dirt, but will leave your skin calm, clean and clear thereby saving your skin this summer from further decay.

Saving your skin this summer from further decay – Exfoliate

Did you know that your body shed off dead skin cells at a very high speed every minute on a daily basis? Because of this, exfoliation becomes very important. If these are not disposed, the skin will look dull, dry and un attractive. It may not matter the quality of body lotion you use, if you don’t exfoliate you will never get that glamorous skin and especially when you are moving from spring to summer if you want to reveal a fresh young complexion then grab a gentle facial exfoliator and hit the shower. The steam will gently soften your skin and allow the scrub to easily slough off dead dull skin. Gently rub your exfoliator in circular movements on your face for 2-3 minutes and rinse with warm water. Continue to do this 2-3 times a week for beautiful skin.

Saving your skin this summer from further decay – Treat & Prevent Pigmentation

Now that summer is approaching we want to also transition into effortless and minimal make-up. Nothing looks worse than the sun reflecting on caked on make-up that’s attempting to cover up an uneven complexion. So now is the time to not only lighten uneven pigmentation- but prevent it as well. Try wearing a lightening gel or treatment underneath your moisturizer. Look for ingredients like Bellisperennis extracted from a Daisy flower that works to lighten and brighten spots as well and protect the skin from reacting to the sun and developing future damage. This is a genius breakthrough ingredient and I would recommend that you use it at most twice daily however if you have very sensitive skin, then apply it once and preferably in the evenings.

Saving your skin this summer from further decay – Nourish & Protect

While we appreciate that oil free products may not be the solution, some oils are healthy for your skin after all your skin needs to be nourished with certain oils. For instance, olive oil is considered very beneficial for the health of your skin alongside flax oils and grape seed oils for their cosmetic ones. What must be avoided are mineral oils instead go for cosmetic grade flax seed oil and grape seed oil rich in anti-oxidants and omega-3 fatty acids that are often found in hydrating serums. These help in nourishing the skin from the inside out and also help balance and control skin’s natural oil production.

Finally don’t forget your body. Summer is the season for tank tops, shorts, halter tops and other reveling clothing. You should focus on transitioning the skin on legs, arms, chest, and shoulders too. The following steps may be very helpful for glowing skin throughout your body:

  • Exfoliate your entire body in a warm steamy shower 2-3 times a week.
  • Apply good quality body oil as soon as you get out apply on damp skin for best absorption. If you shower in the morning follow with a layer of sunscreen spf30 to protect your skin.
  • Treat body blemishes as you do facial ones. This mean have a spot treatment handy for little pesky body breakouts- so nothing gets in between you and your summer wardrobe.

Remember that the largest organ needs care all round and the involvement of the experts at every stage is very important.  Saving your skin is Dr. Akoury first priority. The decision made by doctor Akoury to create a medical center whose main objective is to transform each individual’s life through increasing awareness about health and wellness and by empowering individuals to find their own inner healing power is actually meant for you. It is in Dr. Akoury’s practice to focus on personalized medicine through healthy lifestyle choices that deal with primary prevention and underlying causes instead of patching up symptoms. With this great expertise, this is the place to be. Therefore, schedule for that appointment with doctor Akoury today.

Saving your skin this summer from further decay – The most endangered organ the Skin

 

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Prevention of Skin from Sun damage during winter

December 30, 2014

Prevention of Skin from Sun damage during winter – Winter Sun Damage

Prevention of Skin from Sun damage

Prevention of Skin from Sun damage during winter . Up to 80% of UV radiation can penetrate this deceptive cover and cause harm to your skin

Wow the hot season is here with us again and everyone is getting concern about the effects of the sun on their delicate skin. Are you enclosed in the bracket of those people getting agitated by the effects of the sun during winter? If you’re, keep reading and get it straight from the experts. Doctor Dalal Akoury is one of the most experienced skincare professionals with more than two decades of practice in the same discipline. She founded AWAREmed Health and Wellness Resource Center primarily to help offer solutions to many people with beauty and skincare concerns. Therefore if you’ve any concerns about your beauty then you’re in the right place with the right people. Doctor Akoury says that prevention if skin from sun damage during winter is the best way to keep safe from the numerous skin problems in most societies today. Take for instance, with the autumn leaves piling up, the coats being dug out from the back of the closet and the festive air on the horizon we are likely to forget about sunscreen and sun damage, and wrinkles, sun spots, and skin cancer name it.

The sun rays are the biggest enemy to skin health. It is important to note that even when we don’t feel the heat outdoors the sun’s strong Ultraviolet rays can still harm the skin all year round, making your skin just as prone to the chances of developing skin damage or skin cancer in the winter months as in the summer months. The Skin Cancer Foundation recently reported that one in five Americans will develop skin cancer in their lifetime, and this is a mirror of what is happening the world over today. Did you know that even during cold weather when you least expect it, we are subject to ultraviolet radiation in the form of UVA rays? That is very true the sun will reflects off the snow and can pass through glass. Remember that these rays are not affected by changes in temperature they are ever constant and will penetrate deep into skin layers, potentially causing long-term damage to the skin.

Why do I say that prevention of skin from sun damage? It is because the sun damage is clearly associated with facial aging. Your face becomes the very first contact with the environment and so become most vulnerable in case of sun damage. Remember that without the protection from the sun rays, just a few minutes of exposure each day over the years can cause visible changes to the skin. Effects like the freckles, age spots, spider veins on the face, rough and leathery skin, fine wrinkles that disappear when stretched, loose skin, a blotchy complexion, and actinic keratosis (thick wart-like, rough, reddish patches of skin) can all be traced to sun exposure. Also known as photo-aging, this aging caused by repeated sun exposure makes the skin lose its ability to repair itself by breaking down the skin’s collagen and impairing the synthesis of new collagen. The sun also attacks the skin’s elastin, weakening the skin from springing back, and causing loose, wrinkled and leathery skin due to the unprotected exposure to sunlight. The amount of photo-aging that develops depends on:

  • A person’s skin color and
  • Their history of long-term or intense sun exposure

People with fair skin who have a history of sun exposure develop more signs of photo-aging than those with dark skin. For instance individuals with dark skin, the signs of photo-aging are usually limited to fine wrinkles and a discolored complexion. It is advisable that you examine your skin continually for signs of sun damage and when you notice any, make effort to consult with doctor Akoury for professional treatment in good time. Just to help you be on the lookout, the following signs can help you be curious of occurrence of sun damage and adopt the prevention of skin from sun damage mechanisms for perfection of your beauty.

Prevention of Skin from Sun damage during winter – Considerations for Winter Sun protection

UVA radiation is high in the winter doing damage – UVB radiation decreases during the winter months but dangerous UVA radiation is still in full force and for the whole day. Remember that UVA and UVB contribute to skin cancer which can damage your skin very badly besides that UVA is thought to play a more dramatic role in premature aging.

Sun damage is cumulative – Many people do not realize that the worst areas for skin cancer and premature aging are those areas exposed day-in and day-out throughout the year in all seasons. With this exposer over time, small doses of ultraviolet light that never cause overt skin damage cause a collection of micro-scars that damage the skin.

Cloudy weather does not offer much protection – Up to 80% of UV radiation can penetrate this deceptive cover and cause harm to your skin.

Higher altitudes mean dramatically more UV radiation – For every 1,000 feet you climb in altitude, UV radiation goes up by 4%. For those who are skiers and snow boarders wearing just a knit stocking cap take this seriously. Both brimmed winter sun hat and broad spectrum face sunscreen is crucial to your sun safety.

Prevention of Skin from Sun damage during winter – Sunscreens aren’t made alike

In the winter, we need to wear long-lasting broad spectrum sunscreen that protects against both UVB rays and UVA rays year – round. UVB rays are responsible for burning the skin and UVA rays are responsible for many skin cancers and premature aging. Now that we have established the need for sunscreen, let us ascertain that sunscreens are not all the same. Most sunscreens lose their potency soon after sun exposure. Check out the expiration date on the back of the bottle. There are sunscreens that have active ingredients that remain powerful all day. For instance broad spectrum face sunscreen is a good choice because it contains natural active ingredients that help to deliver long lasting protection against UVB rays, and against the higher wave lengths of UVA rays.

Prevention of the Skin from Sun damage during winter

Wear a full spectrum spf 30 face sunscreen everyday – Even when overcast on face and lips when running errands, commuting to work, think of left side when driving, higher altitude for skiing, playing outside. Ensure that the sunscreen protects from both UVA and UVB rays. Also remember to apply sunscreen each time you are going to be outside for more than 15 minutes this should be done 15-30 minutes before going outside.

No tanning beds – They are artificial UVA radiation that are commonly known carcinogen and may trigger skin conditions and reduce the capacity of the immune system.

Pay attention to early signs of sun damage and take protective steps.

Wear good sunglasses with UV coating on lenses, large enough to cover some skin around the eyes to further protect from UV rays.

Protect skin and eyes from looking aged and sun damaged through proper moisturizing especially around the eye area which is susceptible to dehydration from cold, dry air. Remove eye makeup and cleanse eye area with a gentle eye makeup remover – to keep delicate skin well-nourished and protected, in all this remember to consult with doctor Akoury from time to time to remain beautiful all the days of your life.

Prevention of Skin from Sun damage during winter – Winter Sun Damage

 

 

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Mechanisms of Inflammation in Aging

December 30, 2014

Mechanisms of Inflammation in Aging – The redox stress hypothesis

Mechanisms of Inflammation in Aging

Mechanisms of Inflammation in Aging. Numerous complex inter-related mechanisms contribute to age-related inflammation. The redox stress hypothesis of aging is based on age-related changes in cellular redox balance.

We have just introduced the effects of inflammation in aging in our pervious article and now we want to progress with the discussion focusing on the mechanisms of inflammation in aging. If you are joining us for the first time in this life changing site, I would recommend that you get to the introduction for a better flow of information on this worthy topic. Numerous complex inter-related mechanisms contribute to age-related inflammation. The redox stress hypothesis of aging for example is based on age-related changes in cellular redox balance supplemented by age-related deregulation of the immune system. However other processes like endocrino-senescence and declining levels of sex hormones also likely contribute to high inflammation in older age. In addition, a number of diseases, especially age-related diseases such as atherosclerosis and dementia, have strong inflammatory components. Meanwhile in view of the experts at AWAREmed Health and Wellness Resource Center under Doctor Akoury’s care, the following are some of the components that are likely to affect your skin into premature aging.

  • Redox stress
  • Mitochondrial damage
  • Immunosenescence
  • Endocrino-senescence
  • Epigenetic modifications and
  • Age-related diseases

With the help of experienced experts at this facility founded by doctor Akoury, we will make certain emphasis about each of the above mechanisms of inflammation in aging as follows.

Mechanisms of Inflammation in Aging – The Redox stress

Endogenous reactive oxygen species (ROS) are hypothesized which play a key role in molecular, cellular, and structural damage of your skin over time. Under normal physiological conditions, reactive oxygen species like hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) have vital roles in signal transduction cascades and function to reversibly oxidize or reduce protein cysteine thiol groups as molecular on/off switches. However, age-associated increases in reactive oxygen species may lead to over-oxidation and irreversible changes in protein structure and function. The biological process to remove these accumulated damaged proteins stimulates inflammatory responses leading to a chronic inflammatory state.

Mechanisms of Inflammation in Aging – The Mitochondrial damage

Mitochondria, the primary sites for chemical energy (ATP) production, are essential for normal cell function and maintenance of redox homeostasis as well as regulating programmed cell death. Mitochondria are the main source for reactive oxygen species therefore; they are key components in redox stress. The mitochondrial free radical theory of aging is based on oxidative damage to mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) due to overproduction of reactive oxygen species. This damage results in dysregulation of cell and organ function leading to the overall system decline recognized as aging. mtDNA alterations have been reported to accumulate with age; the ensuing loss of energy production likely underlies sarcopenia. Other tissues affected by age-related mtDNA alterations include ovary, testis, and adrenal organs with noted loss of function with age. In addition, apoptosis, or programmed cell death, is a highly regulated process that leads to cell death without stimulation of the inflammation response and damage to surrounding tissue. With age, mismanagement of apoptosis due to mitochondrial dysfunction results in increased inflammation and tissue injury.

Mechanisms of Inflammation in Aging – Immunosenescence

Oxidative stress and energy dysregulation are also hypothesized to play a key role in immunosenescence, the gradual decline of the immune system with age. Immunosenescence results from the accumulation of molecular and cellular defects due to oxidative damage and thymic involution the age-related reduction in thymus size and activity, and hyper stimulation of both the innate and adaptive immune systems. The ultimate result of these processes is increased exposure to diseases and increased morbidity and mortality due to infections and other age-associated diseases.

Thymic involution results in significantly reduced levels of naive T cells at older ages. While the adaptive immune response to previously seen antigens dependent on memory T cells remains functional, although in a reduced capacity, the ability to respond to new infectious agents, requiring naive T cells, is severely impaired. Poor immune function combined with continued exposure to antigens, results in chronic activation of macrophages and other pro-inflammatory cells and contributes to chronic low level inflammation common in older age. In addition, senescent cells demonstrate significant increases in production and secretion of many pro-inflammatory cytokines. Chronic inflammation, therefore, not only results from, but also drives immunosenescence.

Mechanisms of Inflammation in Aging – Endocrino-senescence

In addition to immunosenescence, the endocrine system also experiences age-related declines in function (endocrinosenescence) most notably affecting sex steroid production. Levels of growth hormone and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and its primary circulating form dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) decrease with age as well. However, cortisol production is increased due to over-stimulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis.

Chronic over-stimulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis leads to immune dysregulation and contributes to immunosenescence. Decreased levels of DHEA and growth hormone also likely play a role in immunosenescence. Both DHEA and growth hormone enhance the proliferation and activity of cellular mediators of immunity and DHEA reduces inflammatory cytokine production. Reduction in levels of these hormones and increasing levels of cortisol with age would therefore lead to increased.

Sex hormones also modulate the production of inflammatory cytokines. Studies indicate that interleukin-6 gene transcription and secretion are inhibited by both estrogen and androgen. Many studies show an increase in interleukin-6 and other pro-inflammatory cytokines in women subsequent to menopause. Similar inverse relationships have been reported for testosterone levels and inflammatory markers in older men. As levels of these steroid hormones decrease with age, levels of inflammatory cytokines are increased contributing to chronic inflammation, cellular senescence, and other age-related diseases.

Mechanisms of Inflammation in Aging – Epigenetic modifications

Epigenetic modifications are modifications to phenotypes or gene expression resulting from changes other than changes in the underlying DNA sequence. These changes may be retained by the cell throughout its lifespan and, for germ line cells, may be passed to future generations. DNA methylation is one of the most well characterized epigenetic changes.

DNA methylation is essential for normal development and survival. During aging, however, the DNA methylation pattern can change resulting in a global decrease in methylation with hyper methylation of some promoter regions, most notably promoters of several tumor repressor genes. Histone modifications lead to both gene activation and suppression. Histone modifications and changes in DNA methylation near telomeric regions correlate with telomere attrition and cellular senescence. In addition, these epigenetic changes are associated not only with activation of inflammatory genes, but also with cancer, dementia, atherosclerosis, and a number of other diseases.

Finally this article is very fertile with strong medical terms which may not sound clear to the ordinary man’s understanding. While appreciating the need for more clear view of the effects of mechanisms of inflammation in aging, the writings still had to be the way they are. However in a one on one with doctor Akoury in her office, you will be able to get clarity in all of your concerns. Remember that our target is to deliver beauty to you in the most professional way. Therefore on your part, what you need to do is to schedule for an appointment with the experts at AWAREmed Health and Wellness Resource Center under Doctor Akoury’s care and all your beauty concerns will be professionally addressed.

Mechanisms of Inflammation in Aging – The redox stress hypothesis

 

 

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