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GABA Restoration In Addiction Therapy

March 8, 2015

Role of GABA restoration in addiction therapy

There are several drugs of pleasure that people use today. The problem is not exactly in the use of the drugs but rather in the effects they create in the brain. Addiction contrary to what many people think is not a problem with how frequent you take a drug but what even a single puff of or drop of a drug will cause to your brain and the entire nervous system. Composed of the individual nerve cells also known as neurons the nervous system serves as the network in the body. Without this network all communications between the nerve cells will be broken and a person will be incapacitated to even do a simple task as blinking. Typically, nerve signals are transmitted through the length of a neuron as an electrical impulse. When a nerve impulse reaches the end of the neuron it can jump over to the next cell using chemical messengers called neurotransmitters. Therefore without the neurotransmitters the nerves will not be able to send impulses over to other nerve cells in order to initiate specific actions. The neurotransmitters have vital functions in the central nervous system. In the central nervous system these neurotransmitters send impulses between neurons. The functions of the neurotransmitters is not limited to the central nervous system alone but are also crucial in the peripheral nervous system where they send impulses between neurons and gland cells. The peripheral nervous system is composed of nerves that link the central nervous system to the rest of the body.

There are two types of neurotransmitters, the inhibitory transmitters which are known to restore calm in the brain especially after the use of leisure drugs that are known to induce euphoric effects by raising the levels of dopamine and the excitatory neurotransmitters that fires the brain. GABA is one of the inhibitory neurotransmitters that counter the effects of leisure drugs and restores calm in the brain.

GABA restoration

GABA is one of the most abundant neurotransmitters in the central nervous system, and especially in the cerebral cortex. The brain cortex is where thinking occurs and sensations are interpreted. As mentioned above GABA is the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter brain and it helps in tranquillizing stressful, anxious and worrying thoughts. What happens with most drugs of leisure is that they cause instability in the brain leading to anxiety, stress and even depression. These are symptoms of low GABA. Addiction is a cause of low GABA as most drugs deplete GABA. There are several ways through which this can be medically corrected but those with addiction issues usually turn to their drugs as a means of self-medication but this only worsens the situation leading to anxiety and depression. Tranquilizers and downers are no better solutions to low GABA symptoms but finding a safe GABA regulation therapy may help in addiction treatment. The other cause for use of downers and tranquilizers is the rise in the level of norepinephrine. A rise in this neurotransmitter often induces the use of cannabis sativa.

The roles of GABA in the Brain

Made from glutamate in the brain cells, GABA works as an inhibitory neurotransmitter blocking nerve impulses. It is this neurotransmitter that inhibits the actions of dopamine when elevated in level by drug use. Glutamate acts as an excitatory neurotransmitter and when bound to adjacent cells encourages them to fire and send a nerve impulse. However, GABA does the opposite and tells the adjoining cells not to calm, not to send an impulse.

To those with inadequate level of GABA the activities of the excitatory neurotransmitters will not be inhibited and therefore the impulses they send will not be regulated and this often leads to anxiety disorders such as panic attacks, seizures, addiction, Parkinson’s disease and cognitive impairment.

GABA is the most effective neurotransmitter in inhibiting the transmission of nerve impulses from one neuron to another. When this happens it restores calmness in the brain however when drugs are used they inhibit the release of GABA, when GABA release is inhibited there will be more nerve transmissions occurring. These drugs inhibit the release of GABA by causing molecules to bind on neurons near GABA reducing its effect on the neurons. Benzodiazepines and other drugs are known to work in this style, they may also mimic the activities of GABA thereby inhibiting its transmission.

GABA rESTORATION

Need For GABA restoration in addiction Treatment

After a long term use of certain drugs, the level of GABA will be depleted to a point where it will be at an all-time low. This will lead to myriad of complications as the nerve impulses will be unregulated. This will lead to such problems as anxiety, depression, cognitive impairment and seizures among other diseases. Without restoring the level of GABA to healthy limits, any attempt to treat an addict will be ineffective.

Finally, Drug addiction treatment is a complex procedure that needs the input of an experienced integrative doctor. the health of neurotransmitters matters a lot and now that it is known that some drugs depletes these neurotransmitters there is need for treatment of addiction in a manner that restores the functions of the entire nervous system. This is why here at AWAREmed we are dedicated to finding the best solutions to addiction and dependence on substances. Dr. Dalal Akoury (MD) is always in the mood of helping any patient to be addiction free. Do not hesitate to call on her for help in managing any sort of chronic pain as well as other diseases.

Role of GABA restoration in addiction therapy

 

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Role of Intravenous N-acetylcysteine (NAC) for Addiction Therapy

March 7, 2015

Role of Intravenous N-acetylcysteine for Addiction Therapy

Drug addiction is a vice that many people are fighting with today. In fact the world’s economy has been seriously affected by drug addiction due to the huge amounts of money that many governments and organizations spend in rehabs to help those who are fighting addiction. Addiction recovery has never been an easy procedure. It takes time and resources and most importantly the input of the addict matters a lot. Doctors have been involved in research in the past to try and come up with better ways of help addiction patients through addiction recovery. However, in most cases addicts are treated by using medication detoxification drugs which are chemically similar to the chemical being removed from the body. The patient is given this substance to manage the severity of withdrawal symptoms.

In most cases the substitutes for the chemical used is either Librium or Valium. These drugs are used because they can calm the nervous system. When using these drugs the dose is gradually reduced as symptoms subside. The drugs however do have a half-life for several days after the course is completed. During this process the patient can still experience severe discomfort with tremors, nausea, vomiting, and occasionally even delirium tremens (DTs). These are just some of the disadvantages of using advent pharmaceuticals in fighting addiction in patients besides medical detoxification in drug addiction patients take longer than the IV N-acetylcysteine therapy because the addicted person has also to withdraw from the substitute drug. The fight against addiction from a substance may get complicated when the patient become dependent on the substitute drug.

Intravenous N-acetylcysteine

What is NAC?

NAC or N-acetylcysteine is an acetylized version of the natural amino-acid cysteine that is a precursor to Glutamate, which affects the Glutamate system and is responsible for learning, memory, motivation and cognition. Though still unknown to many patients as an effective medicine in treatment of addicts, N-acetylcysteine has been used by many doctors in treatment of various diseases. This may be because it has psychiatric effects on the glutamate, dopamine and NMDA brain systems.

Effects of NAC on glutamate system

NAC is the most sought after type of Cysteine. N-acetylcysteine works in various ways to help in treating addiction, thanks to its effects on the glutamate system. When the level of N-acetylcysteine is altered it will not only have an effect on oxidative balance but will also modulate neuro-transmitter pathways, including glutamate and dopamine. NAC assists in the regulation of neuronal intra- and extracellular exchange of glutamate through the cysteine–glutamate antiporter. Whereas this antiporter is abundant throughout all cell types, in the brain it is preferentially located on glial cells. The dimer, cysteine, is taken up by astrocytes and exchanged for glutamate, which is released into the extracellular space. This free glutamate appears to stimulate inhibitory metabotropic glutamate receptors on glutamatergic nerve terminals and thereby reduce the synaptic release of glutamate. Given that relation, the amount of N-acetylcysteine in the system as well as the feedback via glutathione (GSH) production by neurons may directly regulate the amount of glutamate present in the extracellular space. Furthermore, GSH itself has been shown to potentiate brain N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor response to glutamate in rats. Changes in the levels of neuronal GSH may not only alter available glutamate levels, but also have direct consequences on glutamatergic function.

Research study on effectiveness of NAC in treatment of addiction

Intravenous N-acetylcysteineA research study done by Steven D. LaRowe, PhD, Pascale Mardikian, MD, Robert Malcolm, MD, Hugh Myrick, MD, Peter Kalivas, PhD, Krista McFarland, PhD, Michael Saladin, PhD, Aimee McRae, PharmD, and Kathleen Brady to investigate  the Safety and Tolerability of N-Acetylcysteine in Cocaine-Dependent Individuals, It was found that N-acetylcysteine (NAC) was safe and well tolerated in thirteen non-treatment-seeking cocaine-dependent adults. The report also showed that the side effects were rather mild. Despite the mild side effects of N-acetylcysteine, it’s effective in treatment of addiction as these mild side effects shown by those patients who were put on NAC therapy did not differ significantly with the side effects that were exhibited by the patients who were on placebo.

For this study; six males and seven females aged between 23 and 45 were used. Of the 13 participants, nine were of African-American origin while four were Caucasian, who met DSM-IV criteria for cocaine dependence but were non-treatment seeking. Of those subjects, eight were primarily crack smokers; two primarily used nasal powder, while the remaining subjects used a mixture of crack, powder, and freebase cocaine. Self-report accounts of cocaine use for the ninety days prior to study participation indicated that subjects used forty out of the ninety days on average or about 44% of the time, spending a daily average of $30 on the drugs. Subjects were recruited flyers, newspaper ads, and word-of-mouth. These research findings pointed out at the effectiveness of N-acetylcysteine in addiction treatment.  This study however was done on a smaller scope but its results may lay a great foundation for further research studies that might be done on this subject.

Finally, Drug Addiction is a vice that should be fought by all means that is why we at AWAREmed Health and Wellness Resource Center are committed to availing help to addicts and offering them a place to call home. It does not matter what kind of addiction you are wrestling with right now, just call on Dr. Dalal Akoury (MD) today and begin your journey to victory against addiction.

Role of Intravenous N-acetylcysteine for Addiction Therapy

 

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Substance Use Disorder Treatment with Nervine Herbs

February 27, 2015

Substance Use Disorder Treatment with Nervine Herbs

The basic knowledge of drugs is that they are substances that interfere with the normal functioning of the body. This therefore means that after using some drugs and substances a person’s behavior will be altered by the substances he has used. However it should be known that there are far more damages that drug and substances use cause to an individual health wise. Substance use disorder, also known as drug use disorder, is a condition in which the use of one or more substances leads to a clinically significant impairment or distress. In this context contrary to common knowledge that substance can mean any physical matter, the term substance here is used to mean drugs. Substance Use Disorder refers to the overuse of, or dependence on, a drug leading to effects that are detrimental to the individual’s physical and mental health as well as the effect on other people’s welfare.

The diagnosis of substance abuse disorder has improved treatment of patients. Before his approach to treatment of addiction related cases, doctors used to treat addiction and other clinically significant abuse as separate issues but with substance use disorder diagnosis, doctors can simultaneously treat both addiction and non-addiction related dysfunctional substance abuse in patients. the rule of this approach of treatment is that the doctor will identify the specific cause of problems to an individual for example if a person is alcohol-related issues then he Is termed to suffer alcohol use disorder  while a person suffering from cocaine is termed to be suffering from stimulant use disorder.

Nervine Herbs

a person suffering from any substance use disorder will exhibit at least three and at most eleven specific symptoms related to the use of the substance with the most prominent examples of these symptoms being substance cravings, an inability to curb substance intake, the development of tolerance to a substance’s effects, serious life disruptions that stem from substance use, use of substances in clearly dangerous circumstances and devotion of significant time or resources to either using a substance or recovering from substance intake. However, people affected by the minimum number of symptoms have mild substance use disorder, while people affected with many or most of the required symptoms have major or severe substance use disorder but all of these people need substance use disorder treatment in order to be free from the effects of the drugs they are using.

Treatment of substance use disorder with nervine herbs

What are Nervine Herbs?

The Nervines are herbs that are very essential in supporting the nervous system. The nervines may work as tonics and to create a mild calming effect. The tonic nervines may include the Skullcap and the oat tops while Catnip and chamomile can be used for mild calming of the nervous system. Apart from these two categories there are also nervines that work as strong sedatives on the nervous system, they may include the Hops and the Valerian among others. Generally the nervine herbs are used to relieve nagging muscle tension and spasms, circular thoughts, insomnia, and the occasional worry that has become a part of day to day life. Some of these herbs provide multiple nervine actions, such as Skullcap which relaxes the muscles, helps calm worried thoughts, and nourishes the nervous system. Others such as Oat Tops, are not necessarily relaxing to the physical body, but help restore and support healthy nerve functioning when taken on a regular basis.

The nervous system is Composed of the all the nerve tissues in the body and plays very critical roles in the body. They are composed of the nerve tissues that receive stimuli and transmit stimuli to the nervous systems and to initiate responses. The central nervous system consists of the brain and the spinal cord and functions as the points of collection of all the nerve impulses. This is how the nervous system works; the sensory nervous system receives the stimuli, the central nervous system interprets them while the motor nervous system initiates responses.

The nervous system are very vital in the body and so they ought to be performing at optimum always, however due to some of the substances that a person may use such as drugs and alcohol the communication between these nerve tissues may be tampered with leading to rise of some complications in a person . Therefore there is need for the entire nervous system to replenished, relaxed and strengthened and nothing does that better than the nervines. The nervines are herbs that are specifically for the nervous system. They correct all the defects in the nervous system as well as strengthening the nervous system.

Nervine Herbs

Here are some of the useful Nervine Herbs

Catnip – this nervine is a very gentle sedative that is used in solving insomnia related problems. Some drugs may often leave the user with sleeplessness after along use. Catnip could be the answer. It’s also good for headaches.

California poppy – this herb has anti-anxiety, sedative, and analgesic properties. It’s used to promote relaxation in those seeking rest from nerve pain.

Passion flower – This stunning plant offers anti-spasmodic power and is helpful with tension headaches, occasional nerve pain, nervous restlessness, and restful sleep. Good for many symptoms of substance use disorder.

Lavender – Calming herb that is often used in aromatherapy applications for its mild calming action. This herb is uplifting hence good for low moods. It is good for mild anxiety and improves sleep quality.  For persistent depression use lavender with holy basil and damiana.

Finally, Here at AWAREmed Health and Wellness Resource Center we are committed to availing help to addicts by availing some of the most integrative approaches to healing an addict. We advocate for natural healing to all kinds of addiction. In case you are struggling with addiction just call on Dr. Dalal Akoury (MD) at Myrtle Beach, South Carolina for help.

Substance Use Disorder Treatment with Nervine Herbs

 

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Methylation and Addiction

February 6, 2015

The Mechanisms in Methylation and Addiction

Addiction refers to a very strong need to take something like drugs or do particular activities. Addictions are so strong that people think they have no control over them. Addiction becomes one of the important things in your life. Due to this it ends up affecting the quality of your life as well as your relationship with others.

Addiction occurs when one feels they should take something like drugs or alcohol or carry out a particular activity such as gambling. Today addiction affects people across all ages. There is no known reason why people get addicted to something. However, regular intake of drugs or gambling may result in the person’s life getting tuned to that particular choice. People get strongly attached to these things and they feel the need to repeat the same thing over and over again. This way they become addicted to that thing and it becomes an important part of their life.

What is methylation?

Methylation basically refers to the process of adding a methyl group to a substance or simply replacement of an atomic group with that of a group of methyl. It is takes place where a methyl group undergoes alkylation instead of the normal hydrogen atom replacing a carbon chain. Such terms apply in biochemistry, chemistry, biological sciences as well as soil science.

Methylation and Addiction

In biological sciences for instance methylation involves the enzyme catalyzation. This form of methylation is responsible for heavy metal modification, gene expression regulation, processing of RNA as well as regulation the functioning of proteins in the body. Heavy metal methylation often takes place outside the biological system. Reduction of histological staining is made possible by the chemical methylation of tissues in the body.

Methylation in the body

It is one of the important processes that take place in the body.  It takes place when the body receives a substance and converts it to another. This is basically so that the substance can be removed from the body. Methylation takes place in the liver during the second detoxification phase a billon times per second.

In order to understand detoxification, there is need to look at what makes up a methyl group. A methyl group is basically made up of three atoms of hydrogen. Methylation takes place when S-adenosine methionine (SAMe) gives out a methyl group that is then attached to the molecule that undergoes detoxification.  The SAMe s then converted to homocysteine. The methylation process must occur often in order to detoxify the body regularly. Buildup of toxics in the body leads to poisoning of cells which can lead to serious medical conditions a like inflammation and cancer. The methylation process is kept going by vitamin B12, B6 as well as folic acid. These substances are necessary in the body in order to facilitate homocysteine reduction to facilitate the process of methylation.

Homocysteine is an amino acid that is naturally toxic to the body. If left to accumulate it can prove toxic to the cells leading to several health conditions. If methylation does not take place as it should a person can suffer from conditions like stroke, cancers of the reproductive system, colon cancer, Alzheimer’s disease, heart disease, defects of the neural tubes, impairment in DNA repair, kidney infarct, impaired detoxification and dysplasia among others.

Faulty methylation leads to the levels of homocysteine increasing. This leads to poisoning of the cells and tissues. However, studies show that B vitamins facilitate lowering of the levels of homocysteine in the body and therefore reducing the risk of a person getting disease like stroke and heart attack.  Common belief among people is that the main cause of heart attack is in accumulation of cholesterol in the body therefore they cut out their intake of cholesterol in their foods. However, studies show that only a fraction of people who suffer from heart attacks is as a result of cholesterol build up in the body. This being the case, other people who suffer from heart disease may be because of buildup of homocysteine in the body.

Methylation and Addiction

Methylation and Addiction

Recent research studies show that over exposure to certain drugs facilitates chances in methylation levels in the bloods. The same also promotes DNA methylation levels to be altered. DNA methylation takes place in the brain neurons. The altered level of methylation promotes altered levels in gene expression this can happens when one is addicted to certain substances like drugs and alcohol.

Basically methylation is used in DNA. Naturally, each cell in the body contains DNA of other cells. Methyl groups that occur naturally in the body are responsible from suppression of DNA that should not be read. When there is poor methylation due to an addiction to drugs or alcohol, the methyl groups are removed from the genes in order to be used in other body processes. This removal of a methyl group is what leads to cancer expression in the body.

For more information about methylation and addiction, visit www.awaremednetwork.com today. Here you will also find other helpful health and awareness tips. Dr. Dalal Akoury will provide assistance with any information you may need.

The Mechanisms in Methylation and Addiction

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NAC, the Cystine-Glutamate Antiporter and Addiction

February 5, 2015

NAC, the Cystine-Glutamate Antiporter and Addiction

Addiction is one complex problem faced by many. There is no limit to how many things people can get addicted to. If you cannot go a day without watching a movie, and then it gets to a point when you must slot in a couple of hours in your daily schedule to watch movies then that is your addiction.

If you keep getting those cravings for soda or sugary meals, you try to stay without them but the urge is so much that you only calm down after satisfying that thirst then that is an addiction.

Addiction can be good or bad. You can be addicted to work, you love your work that you can’t spend time away from your job. That is addiction. Such positive addictions too may be unhealthy. If you are addicted to work for instance, you will hardly spare time for other essential activities, such as being with your family.

Other forms of addiction often associated with the term, such as drug and substance abuse are detrimental to your health. A person who is addicted to alcohol for instance cannot live without it. Their lives often revolve around the liquor. The same applies to coke, cigarettes, marijuana and all other recreational drugs. The substance of addiction gets to dictate how you live your life.

the Cystine-Glutamate Antiporter

Facts about addiction

The habit is a problem. You have to first admit it in order to be able to get over it. An addict who finds it difficult to get over the problem may often be tempted to blame it on someone, or something else. But that is not a solution, acceptance is key.

Giving in to one’s yearnings is a matter of choice. At the beginning of any addiction you often see yourself in control of the situation. You are not forced to do anything, you just do it because you enjoy the act. With time though, this control diminishes and you become increasingly more vulnerable to the substance of your addiction.

You are in a position to drop your addictions by saying ‘no’ to the substance. This is the premise under which psychosocial support for addiction recovery is usually built. Through guidance one is offered a way out of their drug or substance habit. At such point, it is upon you to decide whether or not you are going to adopt a clean lifestyle.

 

NAC and Addiction

N-Acetyl L-Cysteine is a chemically changed version of the non-essential amino acids in the body. NAC works by purifying your body by removing harmful toxins. It is highly essential in recovery from drug addiction. alcohol and other drugs commonly abused cause a lot of damage to the liver, lungs, kidneys and other organs and this is likely to result in chronic ailments that are life threatening.  This amino acid is essential as it protects cells from getting damaged in addition to its role in preserving functions of the liver.

It is a known precursor to Glutathione which is the most effective in destroying free radicals. The amino acid works to protect the brain and the liver from damages caused by toxins like alcohol, acidic mater, particles found in the air and cigarettes smoke. It also has other significant functions that are key to the wellbeing of an individual.

Among them, it helps the body to promote its burning of fat and aids the muscle building process. Studies also indicate that it can rid the body of copper by a chelating effect, and is used in the treatment of particular diseases including bronchitis, emphysema and certain respiratory problems among adults.

NAC plays a key role in the production of white blood cells necessary for body immunity. The white cells fight diseases that attack the body and help boost the natural immune response of the body. As such, the amino acid is essential for the defense of the body against disease attack.  It further helps in insulin metabolism and functions, which is key to the body’s blood sugar regulation.

the Cystine-Glutamate Antiporter

Sources of NAC

N-Acetyl L-Cysteine can always be naturally manufactured by the body on its own. The high-protein foods such as eggs and meat are however potent dietary sources of this amino acid. Other good sources include foods such as broccoli, garlic, wheat, onions and red peppers.

Other sources that can be recommended for this important amino acid for those who are recovering from the damage caused by drug addiction include nutritional supplements found in a number of nutrition outlets in different continents. It is however important to seek recommendations form a physician since this product is largely unregulated and health consumers are likely to purchase a product that contains incorrect amount of ingredients recommended for the particular patient.

NAC, the Cystine-Glutamate Antiporter and Addiction

 

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