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Effect of Obesity on Heart Function

October 14, 2014

Effect of Obesity on Heart Function – Overweight and Obesity

Obesity

Effect of Obesity on Heart Function among other sensitive body organs is a very key health factor to subject to immediate treatment.

Like in any other good thing under the earth, when it is used in excess it becomes dangerous and poisoners. In the same way as human beings we must have certain degree of weight form all the good reason however when weight is in excess, it becomes a problem to the human body and hence the saying “too much of something is dangerous”. For the purpose of this article we want to discuss the effect of too much weight in relation to the proper functionalities of the heart. The heart is such an important organ in the body and its functions must be perfectly regular and consistent all the times. Let’s therefore acquaint ourselves with the definitions of certain terms for a better understanding of our point of discussion. The terms “overweight” and “obesity” refer to body weight that’s beyond what is considered healthy for a given height. It is believed that in America alone, more than two-thirds of adult population is overweight with about one-third of these adults being obese. Overweight and obesity are measured by the use of body mass index (BMI). For adult the normal weight is a BMI of 18.5 to 24.9 anything 25 to 29.9 is considered overweight while a BMI of 30 and more is obese.

Health Risk involved

Being overweight or obese can raise your risk of CHD and heart attack. This is mainly because when it comes to the relationship between obesity and heart failure it’s always very complicated. Obesity is intimately interwoven with multiple health conditions that underlie cardiovascular disease including:

  • High blood pressure
  • Diabetes and
  • Abnormal blood cholesterol

Besides this, being overweight is a common consequence of heart-damaging lifestyle choices such as lack of exercise and a fat-laden diet. For some time now, scientists have suspected that excess fat tissue, especially around the waist, has a direct effect on heart structure and function, even without the association of other heart disease risks. In pursuing this philosophy, researchers evaluated some 950 older individuals of different weights for signs of left ventricular (LV) diastolic dysfunction a condition characterized by changes to the structure of the heart’s main pumping chamber (left ventricle), which prevent it from filling sufficiently between beats. Although LV diastolic dysfunction can often be symptomless, it reliably predicts future heart failure. (Heart failure occurs when the heart muscle weakens and/or stiffens to the extent that it can no longer meet the body’s needs for blood and oxygen.) In this study, the subjects were separated into three weight groups that are normal, overweight, and obese based on their body mass index (BMI).  Each subject underwent a noninvasive echocardiogram exam to measure the dimensions of the heart, muscle thickness, and filling capacity of the left ventricle. Upon analyzing the results, it was established that the overweight and obese participants were more prone to abnormal diastolic function than the normal weight individuals. Nonetheless when the researchers controlled for the effects of the other risks, the overweight and obese subject still had up to a 60% higher chance of having LV diastolic dysfunction. It also made a difference how much extra body fat the person carried. The risk of abnormal heart function went up 4% for each point increase in BMI measurement. With this study, researchers are to add one more dot to the line between surplus poundage and cardiovascular disease. The understanding that excess fat tissue can directly damage the heart muscle even before symptoms are evident reinforces the case for weight control as a key step in preserving heart health. It is therefore very important that you keep distance with elements which could trigger heart complications. We will be looking at some of them as we progress in our subsequent articles so stay on the link and get the full information you need to protect yourself, but now that you are aware of the consequences of obesity and weight gain vis a vis to the heart functions, it is important that you take immediate precaution in correcting this situation. You will definitely need to look for the services of weight lose professional to take you through the recovery process. I understand that this could be very difficult but if you could visit AWAREmed Health and Wellness Resource Center under Doctor Akoury’s care, you will certainly have this load off your shoulder. Doctor Dalal Akoury founded this facility to help people like you regain their lost glory due to weight gain. She has been in this practice for more than two decades making her to be very experienced in her undertakings. While at this facility, doctor Akoury together with her team of experienced professional will focus on Neuroendocrine Restoration (NER) to reinstate normality through realization of the oneness of Spirit, Mind, and Body, Unifying the threesome into ONE, all you need to do on your part is call her today and being the worthy journey of total recovery from being obese. Finally many will be very concern with what to do next having known the implications of weight gain. Probably you are asking yourself that “Can weight loss improve my health?” this is a very good concern and doctor Akoury will tell you that even a relatively modest weight loss of say 5 to 10% of your body weight can produce health benefits tremendously such as:

  • Lower blood pressure
  • Lower blood sugar and
  • Improved cholesterol levels

It is also very important to appreciate that studies have established that weight loss has significantly helped people with asthma have reduced attacks and use less medicine, and improve the quality of sleep in people with obstructive sleep apnea. These are just some of the few among many benefits you will get when you call doctor Akoury for an appointment concerning your weight condition. Take note that we live this life once and we must ensure that we make every bit of it enjoyable. Therefore conditions relating to weight gain, obesity should and must not be a hindrance with the services offered by doctor Akoury. Call her now.

Effect of Obesity on Heart Function – Overweight and Obesity

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Providing Understanding on Salvia divinorum and Kratom Mitragyna

September 28, 2014

Salvia divinorum and Kratom Mitragyna

Salvia divinorum is a plant from the mint family. It’s a species of sage and is grown in the Mazatec region of the Sierra Madre Mountains in Oaxaca, Mexico. It contains a substance called salvinorin-A, which is the most potent naturally occurring vision inducer. Salvia has large green leaves with white and purple flowers that typically grow in large clusters to more than 3 feet in height. The most effective component of this herb helps it in inducing hallucinations and today Salvia divinorum is the most potent naturally occurring hallucinogenic chemical. The use of Salvia divinorum began long ago among the people of Mexico. It was used for medicinal as well as spiritual purposes.

In Oaxaca, Mexico Salvia divinorum is a highly valued herb and they called it the “leaf of prophecy,” Diviner’s Sage, or Yerba de Maria because they believed it was the incarnation of the Virgin Mary. To them the Virgin Mary had reincarnated into Salvia divinorum and so you can picture how holy they treated this plant. The Mazatec people treat the plant with respect, praying to it before cutting it. American kids pretend it’s a party drug even though it doesn’t have the recreational effects of other drugs or alcohol. It’s best used for meditative states, spiritual purposes and exploring consciousness. Not for “partying.” It does not induce euphoria in those using it and so it is not suited as a party drug.

Salvia divinorum and Kratom Mitragyna

This herb can be used in various forms; it can be crushed and then the juice is then squeezed in a glass and mixed with water, it can be smoked and it can also be vaporized. The Mazatec people mostly chew and swallow fresh leaves re-hydrated dried leaves can be used as well. 26 leaves is a common dose, but the size of the leaves vary greatly. The effects come from the juice which is absorbed through mouth tissue, so it’s good to hold the leaves in your cheeks for as long as possible. This is to allow you to absorb more of the components of this herb. The Mazatec will sometimes crush the leaves on a stone into a pulp and squeeze the pulp to produce juice which is added to water, but this produces a weaker effect. It is also effective when vaporized, where the dosage should be 1 milligram or less. There are different ways of taking this herb and so every user can choose the method that works best for him.

Those who have taken Salvia can sometimes induce visions with spirals and recursions, loss of physical self, a feeling of being connected to the entire universe, a sense of understanding and peace, and severe distortions of time and space, sometimes traveling to other worlds or dimensions. It’s sometimes described as an entheogen, a word that comes from Greek, loosely translated as “making possible contact with the divine within.”

Salvia peaks in one to three minutes after smoking it and the effects when smoked last for five to 20 minutes. But taken orally, it’ll take 10 to 20 minutes to kick in and can last from 15 minutes to over 3 hours. So taking it orally is much better than smoking it. Most of those who try it for the first time roll it like cigarettes but this is not effective but instead leaves a person feeling dizzy. When taken for the first time it may impact differently. To some people it does not cause any effect in them but to some people it will cause intense effect that sometimes makes them stop after taking it once.

Some of the effects of Salvia

The most effective component in Salvia is salvinorin A, binds on the on the kappa opioid receptors in the brain, causing an altered perception of reality. The kappa opioid receptor is thought to have a role in pain control and certain psychiatric disorders. Hence it may possibly have an effect on pain. Some of the effects that come after using salvia include visual distortions, hallucinations, intense dissociation and disconnectedness from reality, physical or visual impairment, disorientation and dizziness. Synesthesia is possible, where physical sensations become intertwined and it is possible to “hear” colors or “smell” sounds!

Salvia is not regulated in most countries and so used without fear of intimidation from authorities but is a handful of states it has been outlawed. However there are discussions whether to regulate it or not.

Kratom Mitragyna

Kratom MitragynaKratom refers to the plant Mitragyna speciosa Korth .Is a plant that is mainly grown in Thailand. The Mitragyna genus, part of the family Rubiaceae, is found in tropical and sub-tropical regions of Asia and Africa. This plant is used for medicinal purposes in Thailand but is also used for its fine timber products. When used for medicinal purposes, the dominant effects seem to be similar to opiate drugs, and include analgesia and cough suppression. These opiate-like effects appear to be mediated mostly by delta and mu opioid receptors. In lower dosages, mitragynine exhibits a yohimbine-like binding to alpha-adrenergic receptors, as well as some binding to the delta opioid receptors. As doses increase, binding to delta receptors increases, and in yet higher doses, crossover to mu receptors occurs.

Possible Side effects

Using this  mitragynine  may result in a reduction in smooth muscle tone, local anesthesia, and central nervous system depression. It also causes dry mouth, increased urination, loss of appetite, and constipation coupled with small, blackish stools. However it does not cause vomiting nor nausea as common with opiates. When used heavily it may cause prolonged sleep.
It also causes anorexia and weight loss, insomnia, and a darkening of the skin, particularly on the cheeks. It also reduces sexual desire when used for a long time and is addictive when used in high doses. Addicts show such withdrawal symptoms as hostility, aggression, wet nose, inability to work, flow of tears, muscle and bone aches, and jerky limb movement. With all these side effects it’s therefore safe to avoid using Kratom Mitragyna.

Finally, Dr. Dalal Akoury (MD) is an experienced doctor who has been in the frontline fighting drug addiction. He runs a website that equips readers of better ways to overcome not only drug addiction but also serious health problems that have caused nightmares to the world population. Get in touch with her today and learn more.

Salvia divinorum and Kratom Mitragyna

 

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25-Nbome Series Are Deadly Hallucinogens

September 28, 2014

25-Nbome Series Are Deadly Hallucinogens

N-Bombs are members of the NBOMe ‘family’ of drugs. These drugs are very powerful hallucinogens, similar to LSD. However the way a person feels may be different from what another feels after using LSD. LSD is said to be much safer than 25-NBOMe Series. These drugs when taken changes the way a person see objects and reality. A person will see things that are not even in existent. It is however very funny that these drugs are majorly abused by people simply because the make you hallucinate. When a person uses this drug he is taken on a trip. This trip involves moments when a person feels like he is supernatural, he sees things that are not normally seen, he feels like he has broken all the boundaries of his mind and begins to understand how certain things work the way they do. However the trip can be good or bad, bad trips may take too long and cause a person to behave abnormally which may force him to be taken to hospital. When in good trips a person sees things that make him feel on top of his world, he becomes very contemplative. The colors become strong and everything seems bright. A feeling of happiness and euphoria is common and a person may laugh a lot.

25-NBOMe

The alterations in the senses of a user differ greatly. At times the distortions may pleasant, but sometimes very frightening (these are called ‘bad trips’). It may also become hard for a person to tell whether something is in motion or not. Something may seem to be in high speed while in real sense they are not even moving. Color, sound and objects can get distorted and you can experience double vision. N-Bomb‘s are also related to the 2C ‘family’ of compounds.

In most countries the use of the N-Bombs is illegal and anybody who is found in possession of these drugs can be jailed for quite a long time. The drugs are classified as Class A drugs. This therefore means that their use is banned. The decision to ban the use of these drugs came up when it was known that unlike the LSD that was thought of as a friendly hallucinogen the N-Bombs had severe effects on the users and even caused death. This means that in many countries today, if the police arrest you in possession of N-Bombs, they’ll always take some action. This could include a formal caution, arrest and prosecution.

Sold As Blotters and Tabs

N-Bombs were often sold as tiny squares of paper. These tiny squares are commonly called “tabs” or “blotters”. Blotters can come in various sizes, shapes, colors and designs. They were also sold in spray, powder and liquid form. It is possible that they will continue to be available in these forms now that they are illegal. The sellers of these drugs are often determined to find ways that they can use to peddle these drugs without being caught by the authorities. Do not be surprised when you hear that they are now sold branded as ‘phone screen cleaner’ or any other funny name. They are looking for better ways to beat the authorities and continue to reap large in this business.

25i_nbomeIt is reported that N-Bombs don’t work if swallowed, so they are usually placed under the tongue or held in the cheeks, where they are absorbed by the lining of the mouth. They can also be sniffed if in their powder form or absorbed via the nose or mouth if a spray form is used. The longer it is kept in the mouth the better for those using it.  Just like other hallucinogens there are a myriad ways through which it can be taken but there are cases that have been reported that snorting the drug is not so safe given that so many people who have been found killed by this drug had snorted it.

N-Bombs are very strong, with only a small amount needed to have an effect. The average dose of the N-Bomb 25I-NBOMe is between 0.00005 and 0.0001gram. Because of this it can be easy to overdose if you are using the powder or liquid forms of N-Bombs. The strength it has also makes it much cheaper as you will only need a smaller size of blotters compared to the size you would need to buy when using LSD.

When a person takes this drug the first feeling comes in at 15 minutes, with a sensation things have definitely changed. This vague feeling will lead to a heightening awareness and pupil dilation. Patterns are most visible. The stitching of your clothes, the veins on a leaf, the design of a ceiling tile. After 45 minute, it will have really set in. Edges will start gaining a fringe. At first it will be as if heat is distorting your vision, then the fringes gain color. There will be peaks and falls in between the first ten hours during a time that what you will see will be very difficult to tell to another person. The climax of these hallucinations will be marked by fractal patterns and pupil dilation. The use of these drugs has caused many deaths mostly because they are so strong that even a slight overdose leads to death. Needless to mention the doses are not easy to control.

Finally, Dr. Dalal Akoury (MD) is an experienced doctor who has been in the frontline fighting drug addiction. He runs a website that equips readers of better ways to overcome not only drug addiction but also serious health problems that have caused nightmares to the world population. Get in touch with her today and learn more.

25-Nbome Series Are Deadly Hallucinogens

 

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Synthetic cannabinoid Receptor Agonists

September 27, 2014

Synthetic cannabinoid Receptor Agonists

Synthetic cannabinoid Receptor Agonists are also known as spice. These are a collection of herbs or plant material which has been sprayed with synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists, often referred to as synthetic cannabinoids, producing a cannabis-like effect when smoked. Today there are more than one type of cannabinoids that have been identified but they are all active as they mimic the psychoactive effects of THC (tetrahydrocannabinol), the active principle in cannabis. Most compounds come from the JWH chemical family, such as JWH-018.

For emphasis it is good to repeat that these synthetic cannabinoids are functionally similar to tetrahydrocannabinol often shortened as THC. THC is the most active principle of cannabis. Like THC, they bind to the same cannabinoid receptors in the brain and other organs as the endogenous ligand anandamide. More correctly designated as cannabinoid receptor agonists, they were initially developed over the past forty years as therapeutic agents, often for the treatment of pain. However, it proved difficult to separate the desired properties from unwanted psychoactive effects.

Synthetic cannabinoid

In the past years especially in the late 2008, several cannabinoids were detected in herbal smoking mixtures and incense as well as room odorisers. Typical of these were Spice Gold, Spice Silver and Yucatan Fire, but many other products later appeared. They do not contain tobacco or cannabis but when smoked, produce effects similar to those of cannabis. These products are typically sold via the Internet and in ‘head shops’. The spices are therefore as dangerous as cannabis and so should be avoided.

The fact that these spices are referred to as synthetic cannabinoids does not mean that they are similar to the real cannabinoids in all aspects in fact most of these synthetic cannabinoids are not related to the real cannabinoids in structure and hence though they can mimic the activities of the cannabinoids but they may work in a way that will cause more harm. The cannabinoid receptor agonists form a diverse group, but most are lipid soluble and non-polar, and consist of 22 to 26 carbon atoms. This therefore means that they would therefore volatilize readily when smoked. A common structural feature is a side-chain, where optimal activity requires more than four and up to nine saturated carbon atoms. The synthetic cannabinoids can be classified into seven major structural groups. These groups are;

  • Naphthoylindoles (e.g. JWH-018, JWH-073 and JWH-398).
  • Phenylacetylindoles (i.e. benzoylindoles, e.g. JWH-250).
  • Cyclohexylphenols (e.g. CP 47,497 and homologues of CP 47,497).
  • Classical cannabinoids (e.g. HU-210).

Other cannabinoid receptor agonists include substances such as oleamide. Oleamide is an endogenous substance that is also used in plastics manufacture. Another one is methanandamide. Oleamide and methanandamide are both related to anandamide in structure. Despite the similarities in structure with the anandamide the activities of these two synthetic cannabinoids have been questioned. It is thought that neither methanandamide nor other arachidonyl derivatives related to anandamide would be sufficiently volatile to be smoked. Certain fluorosulfonates exhibit agonist activity at cannabinoid receptors, as does naphthalen-1-yl-(4-pentyloxynaphthalen-1-yl)methanone, but the latter appears not to be psychoactive, at least when administered orally.

Physical state

SyntheticCannabinoidsMost of these synthetic cannabinoids are either solids or oils as they exist in pure state. Smoking mixtures are usually sold in metal-foil sachets, typically containing 3 g of dried vegetable matter to which one or more of the cannabinoids have been added. Typically, a solution of the cannabinoids has been sprayed onto the herbal mixture to give it the drug effect. Just like any other business oriented producer you will find a number of plants listed on the packaging but the plants mentioned on the packaging may not even be present. This is utmost dangerous as you may be using these spices thinking you are safe based on the ingredients wrote on the packaging while in real sense you are using substances you do not even know. These spices are often sold while containing high amounts of Vitamin E which is purported to be used in masking the analysis of the most active cannabinoids. The producers of these spices will put more cannabinoids in the samples to confound the forensic chemical detection.

The cannabinoid receptor agonists mimic the effects of THC and anandamide by interacting with the CB1 receptor in the brain. Several research studies have shown that some synthetic compounds bind more strongly to this receptor than THC as measured by the affinity constant Ki. All of the cannabinoids found in smoking mixtures have, like THC (Ki = 10.2nM), high affinity to the CB1receptor although small variations in Ki values occur between different publications. The substance HU-210 has a particularly low value of Ki (0.06nM), and it binds over 100 times more tightly to the CB1 receptor than THC.

However, little is known about the detailed pharmacology and toxicology of the synthetic cannabinoids and few formal human studies have been published. It is possible that, apart from high potency, some cannabinoids could have particularly long half-lives potentially leading to a prolonged psychoactive effect. In addition, there could be considerable inter-and intra-batch variability in smoking mixtures, both in terms of substances present and their quantity. Thus, there is a higher potential for overdose than with cannabis.

Finally, Dr. Dalal Akoury (MD) is an experienced doctor who has been in the frontline fighting drug addiction. He runs a website that equips readers of better ways to overcome not only drug addiction but also serious health problems that have caused nightmares to the world population. Get in touch with her today and learn more.

Synthetic cannabinoid Receptor Agonists

 

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New and re-emerging Abused Drugs

September 27, 2014

New and re-emerging Abused Drugs

Prescription-Drug-AbuseThe greatest challenge for physicians today is to be up to par with the new and remerging drugs of abuse. The problem is the law enforcers have declared certain drugs that were perceived to have medicinal qualities into illegal drugs. Most of these drugs are those used in cooling pain. Having these drugs classified as illegal has led to many street doctors to adopt ways through which they can continue using such drugs without being at loggerheads with the law enforcers and that has led to mixing certain substances with these drugs in a bid to conceal what the real contents of the drugs are. They have also branded this drugs with strange names all in a in a bid to hide them from the law enforcers. The packages of these drugs are written as ‘not for human consumption’ among other strange names that has been given to these new and re-emerging drugs of abuse to enable them trade safe.  Emerging drugs of abuse are forever changing and involve manipulation of basic chemical structures to avoid legal ramifications. The structural changes are important to those dealing in these drugs as they help them evade forensic chemical tests hurdles. The names given to these drugs may not even have a relation to their contents and so not as important as understanding the classes of these drugs. Most of the synthetic new drugs of abuse result in psychoactive and sympathomimetic effects.

For emphasis this needs to be repeated many of these drugs are marketed as “legal highs despite being labeled “not for human consumption” to avoid regulation. The availability of these substances over the Internet and in “head shops” has led to a multitude of emergency department visits with severe complications including deaths worldwide. Today there are still new drugs of abuse that are not yet known by physicians. The drugs are not easy to tame since even the slightest alterations of the basic chemical structure of substances create an entirely new drug no longer regulated by current laws and an ever-changing landscape of clinical effects. The purity of each substance with exact pharmacokinetic and toxicity profiles is largely unknown hence very dangerous to the users. Some of these drugs that are being abused greatly today hence not very easy to tame are piperazines.

Piperazines

Piperazines have often been referred to as failed pharmaceuticals. This is because some had been evaluated as potential therapeutic agents by pharmaceutical companies but never brought to the market .One piperazine that has been commonly used as NPS is 1-benzylpiperazine (BZP) though other piperazine derivatives have also been reported to be useful in medicine. These include among others 1-(3-chlorophenyl) piperazine (mCPP), 1-(3-trifluoromethylphenyl) piperazines (TFMPP), 1-benzyl-4-methylpiperazine (MBZP), 1-(4-fluorophenyl) piperazines (pFPP) and 1-cyclohexyl-4-(1,2-diphenylethyl) piperazine (MT-45).

BZP itself was initially developed as a potential antidepressant drug, but was found to have similar properties to amphetamine and therefore liable to abuse. In the 1980s, it was used in Hungary to manufacture piberaline, a substance marketed as an antidepressant. This substance was later withdrawn since it was thought liable to abuse as well. In the late 1990s, BZP emerged in New Zealand as a ‘legal alternative’ for MDMA and methamphetamine. In Europe, its use was first reported in Sweden in 1999, but it only became widespread as a NPS from 2004 onwards until controls over the substance were introduced in 2008, in the European Union. mCPP was developed during the late 1970s and is used as an intermediate in the manufacture of several antidepressants, e.g. trazodone and nefazodone. TFMPP is almost always seen in combination with BZP to produce the entactogenic effects of MDMA.

Neither BZP nor any other piperazines are under international control, although several (BZP, TFMPP, mCPP, MDBP) were pre-reviewed by the WHO Expert Committee on Drug Dependence in 2012. Several countries have introduced national control measures over piperazines. The control measures are however still challenged as those dealing in these drugs are adopting ways to beat the authorities in this trade. Piperazines are frequently sold as ‘ecstasy’. Some of the generic names for these substances include; pep pills, social tonics or simply as party pills.

These drugs are mostly used recreationally and two groups of these drugs feature here and these are benzylpiperazines and phenylpiperazines.  Most of the pills sold as ecstasy and amphetamines have been found to contain components of Piperazines or its substitutes.  They can also come as mixtures of more than one piperazine (such as BZP/TFMPP) or in combination with other drugs of abuse. Today Piperazines are some of the most common active substances found in Internet purchased drugs and they are majorly abused by young people.

Can adversely affect the users

Piperazines have been found to act as stimulants as a result of dopaminergic, noradrenergic, and predominantly serotoninergic effects produced in the brain. The majority of pharmacological studies of piperazines has focused on BZP and have indicated that it produces toxic effects similar to amphetamine and other sympathomimetics. According to animal studies, its effects are less potent than amphetamine, methamphetamine and MDMA. TFMPP, used in conjunction with BZP, has been reported to produce some of the effects of MDMA, but with a lower potency, while mCPP has been indicated to produce similar stimulant and hallucinogenic effects as MDMA.

In New Zealand, toxic seizures and respiratory acidosis after the use of BZP alone or in conjunction with other drugs were reported from three patients. Another study of 61 patients reported toxic effects of BZP, with two cases presenting life-threatening toxicity. Hyperthermia, rhabdomyolysis and renal failure associated with BZP ingestion have also been reported. In the United Kingdom, self-terminating grand mal seizures after the use of BZP have also been reported. All these findings prove how fatal the use of these drugs is and so should be avoided at all costs.

Finally, Dr. Dalal Akoury (MD) is an experienced doctor who has been in the frontline fighting drug addiction. He runs a website that equips readers of better ways to overcome not only drug addiction but also serious health problems that have caused nightmares to the world population. Get in touch with her today and learn more.

New and re-emerging Abused Drugs

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