Category Archives: outpatient addiction treatment

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Frustrating nicotine addiction for productivity

January 13, 2017
Frustrating nicotine addiction

Frustrating nicotine addiction for productivity is a perfect way of eliminating all the poisonous effects attached

Frustrating nicotine addiction for productivity: Smokeless tobacco

The wise said “where there is smoke there is fire” this is a common phrase in our society today and will remain so in the decades to come. For sure even when you take the face meaning of the phrase it is true that we may not see smoke in the absent of fire. For the purpose of this article, we are going to focus on frustrating nicotine addiction and for that reason, we’ll take smoke to mean the drugs and fire to be the nicotine. And speaking to the experts at the AWAREmed health and wellness resource center lead by doctor Dalal Akoury MD, it is regrettable that people who smoke do so for their own convenience despite knowledge of the negative effects associated with smoking. Because of consistent use of drugs even with the knowledge of dangers associated, drug addiction is also known as drug dependency and from this, it graduates to tolerance where the victims use more of the drug to experience the same effect says doctor Akoury. Now the next point would be responding to the question ‘what is the cause of addiction?”

Frustrating nicotine addiction for productivity: What causes nicotine addiction?

Nicotine is an addictive drug meaning that it causes changes in the brain prompting users to seek for more and more of the drug and this will eventually come with some unpleasant withdrawal symptoms. The combination of good feelings caused by the presence of an addictive drug and the bad feelings when the drug is not present make breaking any addiction very difficult. The addiction to nicotine has historically been one of the most difficult to break. The 1988 Surgeon general’s report, “Nicotine Addiction,” concluded that:

  • Cigarettes and other forms of tobacco are addicting.
  • Nicotine is the drug that causes addiction.
  • Pharmacological and behavioral characteristics that determine tobacco addiction are similar to those that determine addiction to drugs such as heroin and cocaine.

Therefore, when a person smokes a cigarette, the body responds immediately to the chemical nicotine in the smoke thereby causing a short-term increase in blood pressure, heart rate, and the flow of blood from the heart. It also causes the arteries to narrow. Carbon monoxide reduces the amount of oxygen the blood can carry. This, combined with the effects produced by nicotine, creates an imbalance in the demand for oxygen by the cells and the amount of oxygen the blood is able to supply. Smoking further increases the amount of fatty acids, glucose, and various hormones in the blood.

Nicotine in cigarettes increase the risk of heart attack

There are several ways that cigarette smoking may increase the risk of developing hardening of the arteries and heart attacks. First, carbon monoxide may damage the inner walls of the arteries that encourage the buildup of fat on these walls. Over time, this causes the vessels to narrow and harden. Nicotine may also contribute to this process. Smoking also causes several changes in the blood which include:

  • Increased adhesiveness and clustering of platelets in the blood
  • Shortened platelet survival
  • Faster clotting time
  • Increased thickness of the blood

All these effects can lead to a heart attack to anyone using such drugs which are why frustrating nicotine addiction becomes very essential. Therefore if you want to have a healthy life away from nicotine, schedule an appointment with doctor Akoury today for the commencement of your recovery process.

Frustrating nicotine addiction for productivity: Smokeless tobacco

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Drunk young man resting head on bar counter

Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD)

January 13, 2017
Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide

Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD) and did you know that for every beverage alcohol you take about 2 to 8 percent is lost through urine, sweat, or the breath?

Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD): Acetaldehyde and Alcoholism

Did you know that for every beverage alcohol you take about 2 to 8 percent is lost through urine, sweat, or the breath? This means that the other 92 to 98 percent is metabolized by your body. All ethyl alcohol which is broken down in the human body is first converted to acetaldehyde, and then this acetaldehyde is converted into acetic acid radicals also known as acetyl radicals. Acetaldehyde is a poison which is a close relative of formaldehyde. Acetic acid is the essential component of vinegar. The acetic acid radical is the combining form of acetic acid. This acetic acid radical combines with Coenzyme A to form acetyl-CoA. The acetyl-CoA then enters the Krebs cycle, which is the basic powerhouse of the human body. Inside the Krebs cycle, this acetyl radical is eventually broken down into carbon dioxide and water.

According to the experts from the AWAREmed health and wellness resource center under the leadership of doctor Dalal Akoury MD, there are three different enzymes the body uses to convert alcohol to acetaldehyde. The three enzymes work by stripping two hydrogen atoms off from the alcohol molecule thereby converting the alcohol molecule into a molecule of acetaldehyde says doctor Akoury. We are going to consider the three enzymes progressively in this article.

Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD): The Three Alcohol Enzymes

The three enzymes which can convert alcohol to acetaldehyde are:

  • Alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) ·
  • Cytochrome P450 (CYP2E1) ·
  • Catalase

Each of these enzymes is found in different parts of the body and each of them handles the hydrogen atoms which are stripped off from the alcohol molecule in a different way. For the purpose of this article, we are going to discuss the first one and proceed with the rest of the subsequent postings.

Alcohol dehydrogenase

The name “alcohol dehydrogenase” sounds quite a mouthful, but it is self-explanatory if we break it down into its component parts. “de-” is a prefix which means “to remove”. We find it in such words as “dethrone” which means “to remove from the throne”. “-use” is a suffix which means “enzyme”. Any time you see a chemical term which ends in the suffix “-as” you know that you are dealing with an enzyme. “hydrogen” means “hydrogen” of course. So “de-hydrogen-ase” means “an enzyme which removes hydrogen atoms”, and “alcohol dehydrogenase” means “an enzyme which removes hydrogen atoms from the alcohol molecule”. The name alcohol dehydrogenase is sometimes abbreviated to ADH.

ADH is the workhorse of the alcohol enzymes–it breaks down the majority of the alcohol that enters the human body. Alcohol dehydrogenase is actually the name for a family of enzymes which break down alcohol–each of which has a slightly different molecular structure. Researchers have identified as many as 10 varieties of the alcohol dehydrogenase molecule. All of them bring about the same chemical reaction–the difference is that some varieties of alcohol dehydrogenase work more efficiently than others. As we shall be seeing later, these variations in the alcohol dehydrogenase molecule can explain why some individuals react differently to alcohol than others.

The alcohol dehydrogenase molecules do their work primarily in the stomach and the liver, although traces of them are found in other tissues as well. The hydrogen which is released when alcohol dehydrogenase turns alcohol into acetaldehyde is bound to a compound called NAD+ (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide) to form NADH (this is short for Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide plus Hydrogen). Alcohol dehydrogenase does its work in the cellular fluid (cytosol) of the cell. The wordings in this article may be technical but necessary in understanding the dangers of substance abuse. You may want to seek for more clarity from the experts at AWAREmed today.

Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD): Acetaldehyde and Alcoholism

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alcoholism

Understanding NAD (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide) role

January 12, 2017
Understanding NAD

Understanding NAD (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide) roles requires greater degree of professionalism

Understanding NAD (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide) roles: Cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1)

In light social drinkers nearly all the alcohol consumed is taken care of by alcohol dehydrogenase. However, the enzyme Cytochrome P450 2E1 (abbreviated CYP2E1) becomes quite active in metabolizing alcohol in chronic heavy drinkers. CYP2E1 does its work in the liver. The hydrogen released by this reaction is bound to oxygen and to NADPH to form water and NADP+. This reaction takes energy rather than producing it. CYP2E1 does its work in the microsomes of the cell. This is sometimes referred to as MEOS (Microsomal Ethanol Oxidizing System). CYP2E1 is a member of the Cytochrome P450 enzyme family as a better way of understanding NAD says doctor Dalal Akoury MD, President, and founder of AWAREmed health and wellness resource center. And now let’s turn to the last type of enzyme as stated previously.

Understanding NAD (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide) roles: Catalase

Catalase is found in tiny organs inside of cells called peroxisomes. Catalase is found all over the human body. When catalase turns alcohol into acetaldehyde the hydrogen which is released is bound to hydrogen peroxide molecules which then become water. Although catalase is active everywhere in the body, catalase is of particular interest to researchers because it metabolizes alcohol in the brain. The acetaldehyde released into the brain by the metabolism of alcohol by catalase has the potential to combine with neurotransmitters to form new compounds known as THIQs (tetrahydroisoquinolines, also sometimes called TIQs). Some researchers believe that THIQs are the cause of alcohol addiction and that the presence of THIQs distinguishes addicted drinkers from social drinkers. Other researchers strongly dispute the validity of the THIQ hypothesis of alcohol addiction. The actual role of THIQs remains controversial and calls for further research.

How Acetaldehyde Dehydrogenase Works

Acetaldehyde dehydrogenase does its work in the mitochondria of cells and removes a hydrogen atom from acetaldehyde to produce an acetic acid radical. This hydrogen atom combines with NAD+ to form NADH. There are several varieties of aldehyde dehydrogenase found in the human body. The one which normally breaks down acetaldehyde is called ALDH2. There is another variety aldehyde dehydrogenase found in the human body which is called ALDH2*2. ALDH2*2 is only about 8% as efficient as ALDH2 in metabolizing acetaldehyde. Some East Asian people have ALDH2*2 instead of ALDH2 in their bodies. These individuals find the effect of alcohol to be very unpleasant and that is going to form part of our discussion in the next article which I am persuaded you don’t want to miss.

Finally, doctor Akoury reiterates that the aldehyde dehydrogenase enzymes are found in many tissues of the body, but are at the highest concentration in the liver further explaining why alcohol addiction can be very dangerous to your health. And having known that, it will interest you to note that, the formation of AWAREmed health center was not just for the purpose of creation awareness about the effects of substance abuse, but also for finding the ultimate solution. And that is why away from creating awareness, doctor Akoury’s practices also focuses on the personalized medicine through healthy lifestyle choices that deal with primary prevention and underlying causes instead of patching up symptoms making her your best choice.

Understanding NAD (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide) roles: Cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1)

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consequences of alcohol

Understanding alcohol metabolism products

January 12, 2017
Understanding alcohol metabolism

Understanding alcohol metabolism products so as to take timely remedial actions

Understanding alcohol metabolism products: The problem with too much NADH

Alcohol metabolism produces excess amounts of NADH (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide plus Hydrogen). This excess of NADH can lead to acidosis from lactic acid build-up and hypoglycemia from lack of glucose synthesis. It can also lead to weight gain, fatty liver, and heart attack. Realistically, these are not simple health conditions to be taken lightly. And because of that, besides understanding alcohol metabolism products, doctor Dalal Akoury made a decision of creating AWAREmed health and wellness resource center with the primary objective of transforming each individual’s life through increasing awareness about health and wellness and by empowering individuals to find their own inner healing power. It will further interest you to note that, doctor Akoury’s practice focuses on personalized medicine through healthy lifestyle choices that deal with primary prevention and underlying causes instead of patching up symptoms making her the best among the best for your treatment consideration. You may want to call her on telephone number 843 213 1480 to book an appointment at your convenience, in the meantime, let’s look at how alcohol is affecting people differently.

Understanding alcohol metabolism products: Alcohol affects some people differently from others

Women – If a woman and a man of the same weight drink the same amount of alcohol under the exact same circumstances, the woman will on the average have a much higher BAC (Blood Alcohol Content) than the man. This is because women have much less of the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase in their stomachs than men do. If the same man and woman are given an injection of alcohol instead of drinking it they will tend to have the same BAC. This is because when the alcohol is injected it bypasses the alcohol dehydrogenase in the stomach.

Older Males – As men age they tend to produce less alcohol dehydrogenase. Older men are likely to become more intoxicated on smaller amounts of alcohol than younger men. Alcohol dehydrogenase in women is apparently not affected by age.

Menopausal Women – Apparently hormone changes which occur at menopause can cause menopausal women to become more intoxicated on smaller doses of alcohol.

People with Liver Damage – People with liver damage produce less alcohol dehydrogenase than do those with healthy livers and thus can become more intoxicated on smaller doses of alcohol. This phenomenon is referred to as Reverse Tolerance.

Frequent Heavy Drinkers – Frequent heavy drinkers produce more alcohol dehydrogenase than other people and thus become less intoxicated on larger quantities of alcohol. These people can metabolize up to 38 ml (over 2 standard drinks) of alcohol per hour whereas the average person metabolizes only around 13 ml (about 0.7 standard drinks) per hour.

East Asians and American Indians

Most individuals use a form of acetaldehyde dehydrogenase called ALD2 to metabolize the acetaldehyde which results from alcohol metabolism. However, many East Asians and American Indians produce a form of acetaldehyde dehydrogenase called ALD2*2 which is far less efficient at breaking down acetaldehyde than ALD2. ALD2*2 is only about 8% as efficient as ALD2 at metabolizing acetaldehyde.

Understanding alcohol metabolism products: The problem with too much NADH

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stop-drinking-alcohol

Alcohol solution with over the counter medication

January 12, 2017
Alcohol solution

Alcohol solution with over the counter medication can not in any way be used together

Alcohol solution with over the counter medication: Beware Mixing Alcohol with other substances

Alcohol solutions with other related drug interactions including medications have serious health effects and must be avoided at all cost. Ironically, many in ignorance find mixing alcohol with other substances a normal thing to do. This has exposed them to great dangers and so as experts from the AWAREmed health and wellness resource center under the leadership of doctor Dalal Akoury MD, we want to use this platform in creating awareness and also offer solutions to everyone struggling with alcoholism. Taking any alcohol solution whether it is mixed with over the counter medications, prescriptions or otherwise, has severe consequences. And as a way of finding solutions, doctor Dalal Akoury founded this health facility to primarily transforming each individual’s life through increasing awareness about health and wellness and by empowering individuals to find their own inner healing power.

Besides that it will interest you to note that doctor Akoury’s practice focuses on personalized medicine through healthy lifestyle choices that deal with primary prevention and underlying causes instead of patching up symptoms. With this expertise, you can never go wrong with doctor Akoury, and all you need to do is to call her on telephone number 843 213 1480 for the commencement of your treatment program. The following are some common Over the counter (OTC) and prescriptions medications and a few other substances which you should be very cautious about mixing with alcohol.

Alcohol solution with over the counter medication: Aspirin

For some reason we are not quite sure of aspirin appears to block the action of alcohol dehydrogenase. What this means is that if you take aspirin before drinking you will become much more intoxicated on a much smaller dose of alcohol than usual. It is generally recommended that you do not take aspirin for around six hours before drinking alcohol. If you have taken aspirin before drinking be cautious and try to limit your alcohol intake as much as possible.

Cayenne pepper: Cayenne pepper dilates the blood vessels and apparently leads higher BACs and more exposure of the brain to alcohol. In short, if you drink alcohol while ingesting a lot of cayenne pepper you will become much drunker than usual. Avoid red pepper vodka!

Tylenol (acetaminophen, paracetamol): Even by itself Tylenol can cause liver failure. Combining Tylenol with alcohol is a horrible one-two punch to the liver. If you love your liver then don’t take Tylenol or Tylenol PM or anything else containing acetaminophen with alcohol or when you have hangover. Else you might as well fry up your liver with onions!!

Ambien: mixing alcohol with Ambien is just about a sure recipe for a blackout or a brownout. People who mix the two also often report sleepwalking or even sleep eating. It’s better to take one or the other and not mix them together.

Narcotic painkillers: Another recipe for blackout and disturbed behavior. Avoid mixing alcohol with Percocet, Percodan, Vicodin, oxycontin, codeine, morphine or any other narcotic painkillers.

Benadryl (diphenhydramine), Dramamine (dimenhydrinate), and Unisom Nighttime (doxylamine): Mixing alcohol with any antihistamine which causes drowsiness will definitely enhance the feeling of drowsiness many times over. All OTC sleep aids consist of one of the three above named antihistamines. Mixing them with alcohol is not medically dangerous, but beware of the added drowsiness.

The effect of smoking tobacco (Nicotine): Cigarette smoking slows gastric emptying and as a consequence delays alcohol absorption.

Alcohol solution with over the counter medication: Beware Mixing Alcohol with other substances

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